Medical Terminology Essay

1. How can eliminating abbreviations reduce errors? Abbreviations are usually used for convenience, to save space and to avoid the trouble of spelling out the word fully. Abbreviations are used in medical records and in medical language. Though the usage of abbreviations do have some advantage and make the recording easy and faster, there are several difficulties that could be faced in using abbreviations in medical record. It makes it difficult for the medical professional to understand properly, takes longer to train medical personnel, and it delays proper patient care and often times it hinders patient care. So eliminating abbreviations can reduce and avoid to certain extent some of these difficulties. Spelling out the word will help understand the message properly and give the right kind of treatment or service as required. Proper communication becomes impossible when abbreviations are used sparingly in documentation. â€Å"When we rely on abbreviations in our business writing, we start a process of â€Å"inbreeding† that may prevent us from clearly communicating our thoughts to people outside our company, department, or discipline. Readers are intimidated when they see a bunch of abbreviations; rather than risk embarrassment by asking you what the abbreviations stand for, they’ll read without really comprehending your message (or will skip your document altogether). To make your writing clear, use abbreviations sparingly and explain every abbreviation you do use. Always define an abbreviation the first time you use it†. 2. Should written polices be developed for Abbreviation usage? If yes, what should the policies contain? If no explain. Yes, it is essential that written polices be developed for abbreviation usage. This will help in using the abbreviations properly and will avoid the consequent errors and difficulties in communication, especially in medical records and communication. In medical record keeping, already there are regulations in using abbreviations: â€Å"Each healthcare facility develops its won list of acceptable abbreviations (that can be used in documents produce in that facility) and a list of unacceptable or â€Å"do not use abbreviations†. In addition to that (JCACHO) has a list of abbreviations that should not be used because they cause errors. JCAHO’s National Safety Goal states that these   abbreviations must appear on a facility’s â€Å"do not use list†.2 So the written policies should contain a list of abbreviations that can be used and should not be used to avoid errors in medical as well as in all documents and communi- cation. â€Å"JCAHO also has addressed errors in interpretation of abbreviations commonly used in health records by publishing a prohibited abbreviation list. The abbreviations note on the list should not be found in the patient health care records of their accredited providers. providers†. 3. When are abbreviations acceptable? Who should use them and why? Abbreviations are acceptable in documents and communication. It is a method of communication In saving time, space and trouble in spelling out the full word. As such using abbreviation can help in solving certain time consuming communication. Medical and technical professionals are the main users of abbreviation. â€Å"Abbreviated terms—whether abbreviations, initialisms, acronyms or symbols—save time, space, and the needless repetitions. However, decisions about acceptable and appropriate abbreviations remain ambiguous in modern publishing. While few general rules apply, in most cases, writers need to be familiar with the rules and conventions recognized by specific Usage authorities.† â€Å"Only abbreviations and symbols approved by the organization should and/or medical staff rules and regulations should be used in the health record.†5 In an organization, the rules and regulations in using abbreviations should be written and maintained as a policy item and should be informed to all the staff, so that proper communication and accurate record keeping are possible by avoiding errors and confusion, at the same time saving much time and effort in searching for the right word and meaning of abbreviations use. â€Å"Organizations that create or use abbreviations often in their work should develop an abbreviation data base or glossary to ensure consistency. This data base will also serve as the basis for decisions about abbreviations among different disciples and organizations.† 4. According to the information in the online articles, do you think enough steps have been taken to reduce errors? Explain why you agree or disagree. No, not enough steps have been taken to reduce errors. In fact there is not much done so far to reduce errors occurring from the use of abbreviations. At present the use of abbreviations have increased tremendously due to the internet and internet based communication facilities. â€Å"Widespread use of electronic communication through mobile phones, and the internet during 1990’s allowed for a marked rise in colloquial abbreviation. This was due largely to increasing popularity of textual communication services such as instant-and text messaging. SMS for instance supports message†. In spite of such increased use of abbreviations, there is no proper step taken to avoid errors in modern methods of communication. Even in technical and medical profession there is need for improvement in streamlining the usage of abbreviations. Specific rules and regulation should be outlined for abbreviation usage in all fields so that the related errors and confusion in the usage of abbreviations can be reduced if not eliminated. REFERENCE: 1. Gary Black and Robert W Bly: The Elements of Business Writing, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York,1991, p. 116 2. Susan Turley: Medical Language, p. 26 3. Merida L Johns: Health Information Management Technology, AHIMA, Chicago, 2007, p. 93. 4. Philip Rubens: Science & Technical Writing, Routledge, New York, 2001, p. 125 5. Medida L Johns; Health information Management Technology, AHIMA, Chicago, 2007, p. 92 6. Philip Rubens: Science & Technical Writing, Routledge, New York, 2001, p. 126 7. Internet: Wikipedia, Abbreviation, p.2

Comedy of Errors Essay

â€Å"The Comedy of Errors† Plato states that: â€Å"The measure of a man is what he does with his power. † But is this true? Or does it depend on a person’s money and possessions? Perhaps it is the family they were born into, or even their gender. And how can reputation affect your class standing? In â€Å"The Comedy of Errors† William Shakespeare explores the interplay of these various possibilities that can determine a person’s class. Shakespeare shows us that a persons family can determine their social status. As well as affect how they are treated. Taking for example the twin Dromios, they came from an extremely poor family. â€Å"A mean woman was delivered / Of such a burden, male twins, both alike. † (?.?. 54) Because their mother was so poor they were adopted by Egeon, however as opposed to becoming his children they became servants for his biological children (also twins) with each twin receiving his own minion. Throughout the Dromios lives they remained servants, even when they were split apart they stayed with their master. Being servants for different masters meant that they were treated differently. Dromio of Ephesus was beaten and kept uneducated â€Å"I have some marks of yours upon my pate, / Some of my mistress’ marks upon my shoulders, ( I.?. 83) While Dromio of Syracuse was given an education and treated like a brother as opposed to a servant, Antipholus of Syracuse demonstrates: A trusty villain, sir, that very oft, When I am dull with care and melancholy, Lightens my humor with is merry jests. (I. II. 19) If they had had wealthy parents with much more power then they would never have become servants and would most likely have servants of their own. Another and perhaps more common way to define a person’s social status is by their wealth, that is their money and possesions. Even though in our modern society wealth has little to do with your social status, in William Shakespeare’s time the more money you had the more power you had. For example Adriana and her husband Antipholus of Ephesus, clearly their money and possessions greatly benefited them in life. All this wealth leads them to have a very good reputation. However if their reputation gets tarnished they will lose their money and in consequence their power: If by strong hand you offer to break in Now in the stirring passage of the day, A vulgar comment will be made of it; And that supposed by the common rout Against your yet ungalled estimation. (III. I. 47) Looking at this quote it is clear that if Antipholus goes through with his threat, his reputation will be tarnished. Therefore he decides against it. â€Å" You have prevailed. I will depart in quiet / And, in despite of mirth, mean to be merry. (III. I. 156) An additional example is Solinus the duke of Ephesus. When he is ready to execute Egeon he uses the power he has to grant him one day of freedom. Duke: Now trust me, were it not against our laws, Against my crown, my oath, my dignity, My soul should sue as advocate for thee. But thou art adjudged to the death, Yet will I favor thee in what I can. therefore, merchant, I’ll limit thee this day. By giving Egeon a day of fr eedom the duke boosts his reputation in Ephesus as a sympathetic and selfless leader. All the while knowing that there is no way Egeon will accomplish his goal. The third and perhaps most prominent way of defining a person’s social standing is their gender. A factor that is still entrenched in our modern society. In â€Å"The Comedy of Errors† there are many obligations women have to fill that men do not. For example as Egeon is telling the duke his tragic story he mentions that although his wife was not in love with him and did not want to marry him, they clearly ended up married. â€Å"In Syracusa was I born and wed / Unto a woman happy but for me. (I. I. 37) This quote demonstrates that as a woman one of her obligations was to get married, even if it was to someone she did not love. This also makes evident the fact women were not free to make their own decisions. Furthermore women were often considered lesser beings than men, they were not allowed as much freedom as their spouse was. â€Å" Good sister, let us dine and never fret. / A man is master of his own liberty. † (II. I. 6) This quote highlights that fact that men were free to come and go as they pleased whereas women were not.

Advertising Alcohol Essay Example for Free

Advertising Alcohol Essay ? Alcohol has appeared in UK as well as around the world for many years. It plays a significant rule in the life of human. As British Medical Association in 2009, people in UK is the most of alcohol users in Europe. However, like other addictive substances, abuse of alcohol will bring a lot of bad consequences for people. Timms (2013) claimed that alcohol is the cause of psychosis, dementia, and physical problem. There are some people who claimed that government is not authorized to control the advertising of alcohol stricter than other products, but some were in the other idea that government should do it because of the bad impact from alcohol advertising to those who watch it, especially young people. This essay is aim to clarify the opinion that alcohol will result negative effect for human heath as well as social life and its advertising need to be restricted by government. Firstly, except useful of alcohol to people life, alcohol is cause of many negative problems. It is a fact that alcohol was used in to many industries such as food, heath service, and research also. Alcohol may good for heath with a limit amount. With reference from NIH (2003), in a great number of male surveyed, those who drank more than three times a week will have fewer heath risk than others who just drank less than once a week. However, according to Kenny (2012), people should not drink alcohol too much everyday. For instance, the limit of alcohol, which accepted by government, is 150–200ml for men and 100-150ml for women. Base on each habitus, drinking more than that unit may lead to sign of headache, dizzy, sickness, loss of control, etc. To reference from Hall’s research last year, 25% of deaths increase in the last ten years was caused by alcohol. It showed that most of people cannot control their drinking, and this number is increasing day by day. Thus, it is important to limit alcohol use. Secondly, alcoholics are threatening to the social life. It may be noted that drinking alcohol is dangerous not only for people but also their family. A lot of social evil and family violence are come from drunken people. When drinking too much wine or beer, the phenomenon of losing control will appear. Then, the drinker may have negative activities to people around. For example, according to Aquarius, 30% of sexual harassments were affected by alcohol. Furthermore, unfortunately, almost alcoholic was the cause of increasing unemployment (Macpherson, 1988). Then it tends to the thievery when alcoholics do not have money to buy alcohol. From those reasons, it is clear to see that alcohol is truly a hazard to people. Turning to the other side, advertising of alcohol will also bring the bad effect to people. Alcohol advertisement, like other product’s advertisement, is aim to approach people and persuade them to buy as much as possible. Actually, most of alcohol advertising content was received great evaluation from people under 23 years old (Jernigan, 2010). On the other hand, although people know the negative of using alcohol, promotion by any way will make them tend to use it naturally. Wilby (2008) claimed that people are strong affected by advertising of alcohol because they are easily to receive information provided by this advertisement. Advertising of alcohol makes people, especially the youth, image that it is the daily product. Moreover, Jernigan (2010) believed that almost alcohol companies tried to insert the combination of unmeasured features relative to cultural, religious and regulatory context on their advertising. Thus, they try using it everyday like the case that they saw on advertising. In British Medical Association (2009), researchers said â€Å"alcohol advertising and promotion increases the likelihood that adolescents will start to use alcohol and to drink more if they are already using alcohol†. Therefore, if alcohol companies are all free to do advertising by their own way, it will be dangerous for customer insight. Finally, alcohol advertising needs to be limited to protect customer from the wrong perception about wine or beer. In fact, alcohol companies have right to do advertise like other product in market. The more alcohol that they sold, the more money of tax government can earn. Follow HMRC (2013), alcohol products brought a huge number of revenue to UK, which is ? 3,323m from April to July 2013. This number illustrated for the great tax revenue that government earned from alcohol companies. However, the damage to people heath and life are bigger than that. Government had to pay more for the accident and medical insurance that come from effect of drinking too much alcohol. Therefore, limitation to the advertising content of alcohol is really necessary. In practice, government represents for the right of people, so they need to intervene to alcohol advertising for protecting customer. Although government cannot absolutely ban all the advertising of alcohol, they need to control it. For example, Hall (2012) believed that alcohol marketing â€Å"require that ads not link alcohol with sex, social success, youth culture or juvenile behavior†. In conclusion, the essay focused on difference points of whether alcohol advertising should be restricted or not, and the role of government in this situation. Obviously, whether drinking alcohol is good or not depends largely on the awareness of people who use it. Nevertheless, advertising this product widely on media will cause many bad impacts. For that reason, the strict guidelines and regulation for alcohol advertising is really needed. The government should strictly control this kind of product as well as develop propagandize for people about using alcohol in the right way. Apart from that, government also can impose more heavy taxes upon alcohol goods. This can force customer to use less alcohol and increase national income at the same time. References AQUARIUS (n. d. ) Alcohol and Violence [WWW] Aquarius. Available from: http://www. aquarius. org. uk/alcoholandviolence [Accessed 02/09/2013]. BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2009) Under the influence: the damaging effect of alcohol marketing on young people [WWW] Available from: http://www.alcohollearningcentre. org. uk/_library/undertheinfluence_tcm41-1900621. pdf [Accessed 24/08/13]. HALL, E. (2012) Sobering up the U. K. proves difficult. Advertising Age, 83 (17), pp. 9. HMRC (2013) Tax and Duty Bulletins [WWW] HM Revenue & Customs. Available from: https://www. uktradeinfo. com/Statistics/Pages/TaxAndDutybulletins. aspx [Accessed 01/09/2013]. JERNIGAN, D. (2010) The extent of global alcohol marketing and its impact on youth. Contemporary Drug Problems, 37 (1), pp. 57-89. MACPHERSON, N (1988) The Effect of Alcoholism on Earning Capacity [WWW] Economica. Available from: http://www. economica. ca/ew03_2p1. htm [Accessed 02/09/2013]. NIH (2003) Frequency of Light-to-Moderate Drinking Reduces Heart Disease Risk in Men [WWW] NIH. Available from: http://www. nih. gov/news/pr/jan2003/niaaa-08. htm [Accessed 31/08/2013]. Timms, P. (2013) Alcohol and depression [WWW] Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Public Education Editorial Board. Available from: http://www. rcpsych. ac. uk/mentalhealthinfoforall/problems/alcoholanddrugs/alcoholdepression. aspx [Accessed 31/08/2013]. WILBY, P. (2008) Under the influence. New Statesman, 137 (4887), pp. 17. Advertising Alcohol. (2017, Feb 23).

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 8

Sociology - Essay Example Sociology is often synonymous with culture. Sociologists generally study culture by interpreting collective meanings by tracing the moral textures and delicate emotional pathways that each individual or group of individuals being influenced. Sociology further concentrates on the answering why and what is the meaning of each culture in order to uncover the ideal structures of culture as influenced by the cultures of nearby groups that they are in contact with during their day to day activities (Alexander, 2003, p. 5). In terms of power, it is similar to the study of why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Why the American People declared their independence from it native England, Why Hitler declared that all Jews must be eradicated from the face of the earth, Why Russia and China became Communist governments, Why Russia finally broke up into several independent states, and other similar examples(Fogel & Lee, 2002). In terms of gender, it is the study of why females act the way they do and why males often act this way or that way. Another researcher, Rorty, stated in a research that the arguments on feminism from the rather abstract meaning gender that focused on the self and a person’s enrichment. For, inequality can be glaringly abound in a societal group because each person in the group is magnetized to espoused to implement the group’s stand on gender which generally states that the Caucasian race is physically and mentally superior to the whites (Cruickshank, 2002, p. 59). In terms of ideology, sociology is the study of why the Japanese during World War II was well bent on conquering the world and why the Communist founders and the democratic countries often go head to head against each other believing that their system of government is the best in terms of giving their people a better way of life. George Eliot stated in his research that the study of Ideology is the

Research Paper ( Fine Art) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

( Fine Art) - Research Paper Example This therefore implies that art is relative and differs greatly with the region either of origin or of representation. The metropolitan Museum in New York therefore stocks artifacts from diverse cultures among the most common of the current exhibits are The Sleeping Eros, Birds in the art of Japan and Plain or Fancy among many others. The above artifacts have unique features that set them apart from the rest. Additionally, the creators of such works employ different artistic features to ensure that the above artifacts communicate effectively and draw the attention from their audiences. Each of the three artifacts has specific placing and draw relevance to specific cultures. However, the modern society is integrated and culture therefore is increasingly difficult to distinct between the different social groupings. This requirement by the modern consumers of art works dictates the use of familiar and modern features that best earn the artifacts familiarity with the modern audience. Owi ng to such features as time and the social stratifications, the different artifacts possess distinctive features, which readily set them apart in terms of both their time of production thus their target audience. The Sleeping Eros for example is an iconic artifact in the museum, one of the oldest and among the finest. Set during the Bronze Age in the human history, the artifact consists of pure bronze. Man had identified a number of metals throughout the evolution history. The discovery of bronze was an integral period in the development of man since with bronze, man could make very strong and durable (Semper and Harry 33). Bronze was therefore the only essential tool man had, he artifact is therefore also made of bronze and set in the early times. The sleeping Eros is a simple artifact, which simply depicts a sleeping male child with curly white hair lying on his left arm but with a wing. The simplicity of the creation makes it easier to understand and is typical of the timing of t he artifact. At such early periods, man had not developed sophisticated features that could influence the development of more sophisticated artifacts. However, in its simplicity owing to the use of bronze, which was arguably easier to manipulate, the artifact conveys complex social features of the early Greek society. The hair of the Eros among other pertinent features sets it to the early Greek culture. Its other intricate features such as the wing and the missing left arm set it in the supernatural world thereby earning it some elements of divinity. Plain or fancy is yet another beautiful artifact, which just as the name depicts a comparison of two iconic artifacts bound into one. It is a painting of two different jugs. One of the jugs is earthen while the other is metallic. The difference between the jugs is conspicuous yet it becomes increasingly difficult to select which is more beautiful. In such a simple creation, the artist manages to conceal his intended meaning in the cont ours of his creation. The relativity in the comparison of the two jugs is also applicable in the analysis of the message that the artist communicates in his artifact (Foster and Judith 51). It is evident that the artifact compares a number of features of both the earthen jug and the metallic one. In the history of man, the use of earthenware was characteristic of the

Self-discovery and Understanding of World in Against Meat and Praise Essay

Self-discovery and Understanding of World in Against Meat and Praise of Self-deception - Essay Example Even with the improved capacity to conceive build and design sophisticated equipment, tame some of the wildest beasts the earth has ever known and even travel thousands of miles to the moon, a man seems not to understand his own functionalities. He seems increasingly confused in understanding the most complex machine evolution has provided; the brain. Although scientists at least have clues on how the brain process information, it has always been a dilemma on how the physical and the tangible aspects of the brain easily connect to aspects such as emotions and how the brain affects our decision-making processes. Perhaps the state of chaos and confusion that in most instance human beings conceal behind the mask of ambition, philanthropy, humanity or even religion is better explained by the artistic impressions of artists. The question is whether man has the capacity to find answers on his real self but opts not to, due to fear of what he might discover. Maybe the man is just not able t o self-discover and will in most instances carefully construct theories in an attempt to hide his ineptness in these matters. Using the â€Å"Broken Column† (Self-portrait) by Fridah Kahlo as the yardstick, the paper will conduct an analysis on two texts; â€Å"against meat† and â€Å"praise of self-deception.† The Self. ... The article â€Å"Against Meat† by Jonathan Safran is a narration about his battle with the commitment of being a vegetarian. Safran begins by outlining the initial concept that was nurtured in him concerning meat and how he experienced difficulties in converting to vegetarianism even after realizing the ills associated with meat. Safran learned at an early age from his grandmother that there was no kind of food that was bad and that most parts of food were to be eaten. Safran writes that: No foods are bad for you. Sugars are great. Fats are tremendous. The fatter a child is, the fitter it is — especially if it’s a boy. Safran also mentions that his grandmother had endured the 2nd World War surviving barely enough to eat and was even sometimes forced to scavenge for food remnants in dustbins. As a result, his grandmother’s obsession with food was particularly due to her past experiences with hunger. Then after that Safran learnt from his father that kickin g animals was not good, only for the father to flush a golden fish Safran received as a gift in the toilet. These instances together with the conversation he had with the baby sitter only served to disillusion Safran concerning the ills of eating meat. The disillusionment Safran felt was due to the fact that most people around him ate meat despite believing that eating meat is causing undue distress to animals. Safran admits that the disillusionment had profound impact on his life, that he found himself constantly making excuses to eat meat despite being a vegetarian. Safran proceeds to narrate a life where he hypocritically consoled himself that he had not caused any distress because he had not actually killed but was just consuming what had been killed by another.  

Reading stories with children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading stories with children - Research Paper Example I decided to read two different books in terms of their themes and setting. The first book was a religious book with religious themes while the second book was more of a fun book. The interaction with the kid, who is about five years of age, was rather eye opening. During the reading session, the kid interjected the process severally asking various questions regarding the stories. He constantly asked questions regarding the meaning of words he did not understand. This trait was a bit interesting as it portrayed the kid as an inquisitive person who wanted to know more. Various facial expressions accompanied my reading to the kid so as to further make him understand certain aspects of the stories. He was keen on the kind of expression that he saw on my face as I continued to read the books. Whenever there were frowns on my face he could also frown. This was a sign that the kid personalized the reading through the expressions that I was portraying to him as the reader. After reading the books to the kid I did further analysis on his reactions during the time I read the books. This revealed something interesting as I realized that the child scrutinized details of every picture that was shown to him. The scrutiny of the fin details in the pictures portrayed the kid as an individual who is interested in both the pictorial aspects of the stories as well as the word flow. This was even more interesting when it came to recalling the reading on the side of the child when I asked him questions. Even after reading the two stories to the kid certain aspects of his traits were outstanding. The kid was able to recall the outline of the two stories though note as exact or fair as it should have been. The first story was titled chocolate me which talks about the skin color in different people. It was more religious and encouraged the readers to appreciate

Scheduling and Implementation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scheduling and Implementation - Assignment Example 2. A schedule, on the other hand, is a set of transactions and operations that are outlined by a system and are needed to be executed in a system for the completion of the task. It is the orderly steps that are outlined for the execution of the command (Harold, 2009). In the language of project management, a schedule is a list of objects that are called the terminal elements of the project, with their starting and finishing dates. These items are usually linked under the time frame and durations, the resources that are required, and their dependency on each other. To make an efficient schedule it is required by a project manager to develop a work breakdown structure that would outline the time and the amount and kind of resources required to complete the plan. Then the findings of this structure can help the project manager to develop a sound schedule that would be constantly updated keeping in mind the changes that are taking place over time (Dennis, 2007). 3. Network analysis has immense importance in resource scheduling. Network analysis helps in identifying time and costs factors involved while scheduling. By the help of basic networking techniques, network analysis can help in planning and controlling the use of resources. As a project proceeds, the demands and supply of the resources that are present in the system change. Shortage of any can lead to the delaying of the project. Hence network analysis provides the control of these resources (Dennis, 2007). 4. There are different kinds of floats present in project management. Total float is the amount of time that a project manager has before the start of the project. It also includes the number of delays that can occur without delaying the project completion date. Gauging the total float is usually done by the critical path method. Free float, on the other hand is the time that is

Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Design - Essay Example ; the contribution of the research to the field and to the society; the value of the research to the researcher; and how the research will be perceived. In carrying out the design project, design methods have been sought that can be relevant throughout the design process. This implies gathering the necessary design literatures. When it comes to online search for design literatures, the key word for the search will be ‘design method’ even though this is expected to generate general results, some not related with the design subject being handled. Both secondary and primary sources will be used in the process so as to develop a concrete project that fully satisfies the vision and mission of the project. Given the magnitude of the project, stakeholder involvement in the setting the mission and vision is very critical (Clarke, 2008). As such, a meeting with key stakeholders will be necessary. Additionally, a diverse team will be assembled which will be instrumental in implementing the vision and mission of the project. Further, scenarios of user experience will be explored; the target group defined in terms of gender, age an d income range, where they live, their culture and their general preferences. Even as the project will be ongoing, more literatures will be assessed to further enhance creativity and expand the scope of ideas in terms of design. Given the nature of the project, strategic thinking will be of critical importance in ensuring that critical business assumptions are not missed (Gordon et al., 1998). It will also enable better conception of ways of managing the project. Establishing a strategic story would add value to the project and create a measure of uniqueness that will distinguish the project from the rest. Reading the book â€Å"The Business Model Canvas†, some vital questions regarding the personal project have emerged. Using the building blocks mentioned above, systematic strategic plan that is highly likely to result in the successful

College Tuition Essay Example for Free

College Tuition Essay In todays society, the idea of a college education has become less of an option and more of a necessary requirement and is commonly considered the only way to acquire a successful career and life. There are many careers, in which a college education is not technically necessary, that can often be just as or even more successful. With the cost of college tuition increasing with every passing year, the controversy of whether college is really worth the cost and burden is growing too. If our society wants to continue displaying a college education as somewhat of a necessity for success, I believe the cost of it should shift to being a more realistic price, suitable for the majority of students striving to go to college. Most high school students feel pressure by not only the family, but also peers and teaching faculty to go to college because it’s â€Å"the smart thing to do†, but some may be hesitant to choose the college route because they believe their experiences will be different and the benefits of getting the job and making all their money back wont apply to them. Economic research concludes that more students would gain from college rather than opting out from it, and choosing a different route. Yes, there are many careers that require little or no further education after high school that may be considered successful jobs, such as construction and more hands on jobs, but it is averaged that over a lifetime those who attend college make about $500,000 more than those who do not. â€Å"Seven out of ten college seniors (71%) who graduated last year had student loan debt, with an average of $29,400 per borrower. From 2008 to 2012 debt at graduation †¦ increased an average rate of six percent each year. † (The Project of Student Debt). With all of the debts, not covered by either scholarships or financial aid, accumulated over the course of an individual’s schooling, the amount of additional money made becomes less substantial; if the tuition and fees were to decrease, the additional money made would not be as affected. The costs to attend two of the leading universities in Oregon, University of Oregon and Oregon State, for four years averages at about $88,000, and that doesn’t even include everyday personal expenses. For non-residents that price is more than doubled that of a resident student. â€Å"In 1980, it cost an  average of about $56,000 (adjusting for inflation) to attend a university for four years. This figure includes tuition, fees, and the â€Å"opportunity cost,† or income one foregoes to attend school instead of holding a job. (This figure excludes room and board: one must eat and sleep whether she is in college or not. ) In 2010, four years of college cost more than $82,000, a nearly 50 percent increase over that 30-year period. †(Brookings Institute). Sure there are many scholarships and financial aid a student is able to apply for, but with so many students applying for such scholarships, you’re chances of receiving them become slimmer. A lot of scholarships also do not benefit students as a whole and either target minorities, athletes, or financial aid students. Community college is also a viable option for many, but is often looked down upon. You don’t often hear a high school student say â€Å"I want to go to a community college† or â€Å"I can’t wait to go to a community college† with loads of enthusiasm. Not only do students and their families look down upon going to a community college, but teachers as well think lesser of community colleges and often express their opinions out loud. This makes students look at community colleges as less of a viable option and more of a last option. When applying for jobs, it also looks a lot more prestigious when it is shown that one attended a university rather than a community college. Although most colleges may not consider ways to lower the costs of college, there are many ways in which a lower tuition and overall price is possible. One direct contribution to the costs of schooling is the professor’s salary. Many college educators do not actually deserve the amount of money they make. Teachers should receive a salary that accurately reflects how affective the professor is at teaching. College fees also include unnecessary additions that are not required and could easily be taken off, such as gym memberships, recreation center memberships, and other additional bonuses that are not essential. Also, although I’m a student-athlete as well, the amount of money given away in scholarships just to play sports at that school has become a bit ridiculous. If the amount of money for scholarships went back into the school directly, the cost of tuition would decrease, and the need for those said scholarships would decrease as well. It is apparent that student athletes are held to a higher regard than other students. Often, you see students that are all-state athletes that get decent grades receive more money and â€Å"special treatment† in comparison to a student that does not do related extra-curricular activities, yet gets exceedingly high grades. This is not fair in any way; the elimination or decrease of athletic scholarships given out would eliminate the inequality commonly displayed throughout colleges. College tuition is at an outrageous high right now and is not showing many signs of decreasing. The costs of college and sending a student off to college have become much of a burden for many families across America. With how necessary getting a college education is considered, the cost of it all should shift to a more suitable price. The shift would be very difficult to achieve, and would be a very long process, but I do believe it is possible, not only for my generation, but the next several generations of students on the path to attend college. Work Cited Page: Greenstone, Michael, and Adam Looney. Regardless of the Cost, College Still Matters. The Brookings Institution. The Hamilton Project, 05 Oct. 2012. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. . Student Financial Aid and Scholarships. Cost of Attendance. University of Oregon, n. d. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. . Financial Aid and Scholarships. Cost of Attendance. Oregon State University, n. d. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. . State by State Data. Project on Student Debt:. The Project on Student Debt, 2013. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. .

Case Study On The Rwanda Genocide History Essay

Case Study On The Rwanda Genocide History Essay In 1994, Rwandas population of seven million was composed of three ethnic groups: Hutu (approximately 85%), Tutsi (14%) and Twa (1%). In the beginning of the 1990s, Rwandas economic, political and social pressures were increasing. Consequently, Hutu extremists of the political elite accused the entire Tutsi minority population. Moreover, Tutsi civilians were also blamed of supporting the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) which was a Tutsi-dominated rebel group. By the end of 1992, president Habyarimana and his group increased divisions among Hutu and Tutsi using propaganda and clever political actions that were constant. In Kigali, a campaign of vengeance was introduced immediately by the presidential guard. As a result, leaders of the political opposition were killed, and almost instantly, the massacre of Tutsis. Within hours, recruits were sent rapidly throughout the country to carry out a wave of slaughter. On April 1994, President Habyarimana who was a Hutu was assassinated as the ai rplane prepared to land in Kigali. It was the catalyst for the Rwanda Genocide. Violence started almost instantly after that. Under the cover of war, Hutu extremists launched their plans for the destruction of the entire Tutsi civilian. In the weeks after April 6, 1994, 800, 000 men, children and women died in the Rwandan genocide, possibly as many as three quarters of the Tutsi population. Most of the dead were Tutsis and most of those who perpetrated the violence were Hutus. At the same time, thousands of Hutu were murdered because they opposed the killing campaign and the forces directing it. The Rwanda Genocide should be examined to understand the concepts of preparing or justifying a war and how propaganda was used. Why did hundreds of thousands of Hutu, who had never before killed, take part in the slaughter? Media were used in Rwanda to spread hatred, to dehumanize people, and even to guide the genocidaires toward their victims to sanction the terrible human suffering that en sued. Many Rwandans couldnt read or write, as a result, radio was an essential method for the government to deliver messages to the population. Furthermore, the radio was an important technique for the government of transmitting messages to the population. The radio wasnt only an official voice of the state and a propaganda channel for the single party, it also helped connecting families whose relatives were faraway, The broadcast of deaths in the news so that relatives could return home for funerals. In March 1992, Radio Rwanda was first used in directly promoting the killing of Tutsi in a place called Bugesera, south of the national capital. Authorities used RTLM (Radio Tà ©là ©vision Libre des Mille Collines) and Radio Rwanda to encourage and direct killings both in those areas most eager to attack Tutsi and members of the Hutu opposition and in areas where the killings originally were resisted. They relied on both radios to incite and mobilize, then to give specific directions for ca rrying out the killings. The radio station soon became the voice of extremism because during the genocide it called for a total war in order to exterminate the cockroaches, the Tutsi [] Anti-Tutsi music dominated the radio. When foreign individuals started criticizing the genocide, RTLM attempted to maintain the legitimacy of the authorities by ignoring all negative comments and by reminding its listeners that all they had to do was to win the war and then foreign critics would not remember any crimes they had done. Furthermore, the media didnt focus on the details of the conflict but rather on the bodies and horror. Rwanda media, most notably Kangura and by August 1993, Radio Television Mille Collines (RTLM), openly advocated discrimination, persecution, and even extermination of Tutsis. In addition to the increasingly destructive propaganda against the Tutsi, the radio sent threats to attack on Hutu who were continuing to cooperate with the Tutsi. As a result, it used increasingly violent language. In some cases, the radio moved from general condemnation to naming specific people which included the Hutu prime minister, as enemies of the nation who should be eliminated one way or another from the public scene. Moreover, In December 1990, Kangura published an article titled Appeal to the Conscience of the Hutu which included the so called Ten Commandments. The article and the Ten Commandments portrayed the Tutsi as the enemy, as evil, dishonest and ambitious. Also, Kangura spread the notion that the Tutsi were preparing a genocidal war against the Hutu that would leave no survivors and that the RPF wanted to re-establish the Tutsi monarchy and enslave the Hutu. Rwandan newspapers looked very much alike in format and presentation. Most of them were tabloids; they have printed articles in Kinyarwanda which is the language spoken in Rwanda and used cartoons to portray political leaders. They watched each other closely and tried to imitate or outsmart each other. Consequently, examples of dehumanization could be found in many of these papers, including those associated with political opposition and the RPF. Editorials portrayed the Hutu as generous and naÃÆ' ¯ve. The Tutsi were portrayed as devious and aggressive. Kangura suggested that Tutsi women intentionally used their sexuality to lure Hutu men into sex in order to promote ethnic dominance of the Tutsi over the Hutu. The hate speech from the media helped to develop and maintain a Hutu mind-set in which ethnic hatred was common political ideology. RTLMs animators also implicated ordinary listeners in the activities of the genocide; farmers at roadblocks or on the street were frequently interviewed, and RTLM employed techniques that acted on relations among listeners. Additionally, the media served the narrow political ends of their owners by playing on the ordinary Hutus fear of dispossession, violence and displacement. To do this the media relied heavily on half-truths and sometimes complete lies and threats. The Rwanda genocide left many devastating consequences. Both children and adults faced catastrophic psychological damage, those who saw atrocities, those who were forced to commit them, and those who were victims of attack.   As a result, many of these victims remain disfigured and handicapped, which makes daily life a struggle not only physically but psychologically as well. The economy and education system are extremely slow to recover.   Most children are not attending school.   Rwandans are struggling to make a living and survive despite the failing economy. They are facing extreme poverty and starvation and with little education they are not developing as a nation; the children are the leaders of the future, but with little education that future looks depressing.

The two poems I have chosen to explain are Piano by D H Lawrence and :: English Literature Essays

Explore how two of the poems you have studied deal with the theme of looking back on a relationship The two poems I have chosen to explain are Piano by D H Lawrence and In Mrs Tilchers Class by Carol Ann Duffy; I have chosen these two poems because they both tell us about the same sort of memory, i.e. of a good time in their childhood. Moving on to the mood of the poems. Both poems are very emotional and although they are both happy memories the emotions vary, for example in 'Piano' the poem is very sad and nostalgic 'till the heart of me weeps' as the poet wishes that he could return to those presumably happier times, on the other hand 'In Mrs Tilchers class' is very childish and as in a dreamy world 'the laugh of a bell swung by a running child' The mood shows the intention of the poems. In 'In Mrs Tilchers Class' this was to recreate the safety warmth and happiness of childhood innocence and how it all changed at the end of primary school 'the inky tadpoles changed from commas into exclamation marks' I believe this symbolizes the change from a child into an adolescent. However in 'Piano' the poem is showing us how the past will always shape us he tells us how we can never go back to the past 'I weep like a child for the past' The structure and the form support the intention of the poems. In 'In Mrs Tilchers Class' the structure is very simple and easy to understand, there is no rhyming scheme, four octets and eight syllables to a line this helps to recreate the idyllic primary classroom by being very simple like the sort of things that a young child would be learning about. However 'Piano' has a very complex structure, in comparison, and although again the syllable count is random the rest is not so, there are three regular quatrains each with rhyming couplets. In particular the poets style shows us how they feel. In 'piano' the poet's style is one that is very emotional to do this, the poet hast used lots of emotive language 'weep' and 'flood of remembrance' also D

How Does Stevenson Intend His Readers to Respond to Dr Jekyll and Mr :: English Literature

How Does Stevenson Intend His Readers to Respond to Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? What Methods Does He Use to Bring About These Responses? Robert Lewis (later changed to ‘Louis’) Stevenson was born in Edinburgh November 13th 1850, into an engineering family. Although he had been plagued with illness all his life, after inheriting tuberculosis from his mother, he enrolled at Edinburgh University to study engineering, to follow in his successful father’s footsteps. However he abandoned that road of studies and swapped to law, where he ‘passed advocate,’ although he had the education to practise law he did not follow that either, because by this time he had realised that he could and would write instead. To expand his horizons he would visit France in the summer to be within the company of other artists, both painters and writers. And his first publication was called ‘Roads,’ which was within a series of publications, all works about travelling. His first truly successful piece was ‘Treasure Island’ released in 1883, which truly launched his career. Later in 1886 he released ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ which was also a huge success, as it was so controversial and faced things that most people were too scared to write about. This controversial behaviour had begun when he was a young man by denying his faith, much to the surprise of his strongly protestant parents, he ended up leading a bohemian life. Stevenson’s experiences through life greatly effected his works, such as in ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ the scene is set in London, yet based a lot on Edinburgh, the luxurious and grand main city, and the dirty, grimy, back street, underground scene as well. He used this to create an effect on the reader, and to create the response that he wanted. Stevenson used themes throughout the book, and there are a large number of them, running the course of it, that influence greatly the response the reader has to ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, and also reflects themes running through society at the time. Some of the most prominent themes being the parable of good versus evil, satanical references and religion that intertwines throughout. ‘If I ever read Satan’s signature upon a face, it on that of your new friend Mr Hyde.’ Mr Utterson says that, oddly, to himself about Mr Hyde after refereeing to Mr Hyde’s unnameable malformations; the use of ‘Satan’ means that although Mr Hyde has nothing especially wrong with him facially or physically, his deformity is in his soul, in his evilness. People sense his dark nature and reflect it in how they view him. This gives

Stereotypes and Diversity in the Movie, Crash Essay examples -- Racism

Stereotyping is a major issue in the world today, however, mostly in the United States. It is known as fixed impressions, exaggerated or preconceived ideas about particular social groups, usually based solely on physical appearance (The New York Company). Crash is a great example because it shows others stereotyping individuals in many ways. According to Schingel, it is the perfect analogy of how we as a human race deal with life, people and our own experiences. The movie, released in 2005, shows each character's point of view, rather it be from an African-American, Caucasian, or a Latino. It follows each character throughout the movie to show how they live their daily lives. Crash is known for having numerous examples of stereotypes. It shows characters stereotyping against all races, no matter what the condition may be. For instance, one illustration of label is with Sandra Bullock's character. Her character is afraid of every race except Caucasian. In the movie Crash, she had a gun shoved to her head by two black men while they stole her car. Another case is when she pulls her husband aside and tells him that she wanted the new lock changed the next morning because she was afraid the Mexican male who was changing the lock would give his "homeys" a key. She states, "He is a gang-banger because of his shaved head, prison tattoos and his pants around his ass" (Schingel). However, she could not have been more wrong. Daniel, the locksmith, was actually a well-mannered family guy. Daniel, of course, is a sweet-natured husband and father struggling to get his family to a neighborhood where the gunfire doesn't pop all night (Burr). What Sa ndra Bullock did to the locksmith was incorrect and spitef... ...there is good and bad in everyone. It is just the way the world works. In all cultures, there is the good, bad, and the ugly. Each person in each culture has their faults, but also at the same time, they have their nobility and heroic side. Works Cited ""A Definition of Stereotypes"." The New York Times 2008 20Mar2008 . Burr, Ty. ï ¿ ½Well-acted 'Crash' is a course in stock characters.ï ¿ ½ . Crash. Haggis, Paul. (DVD), 2005 Greydanus, Steven. Crash (2005)."http://www.decentfilms.com/sections/reviews/crash2005.html. 2008. Schingel, Rebecca. "How the Movie Crash Illustrates Race and Ethnic Relations in America."http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/18187/how_the_movie_crash_illustrates_race.html. 2006.

Lords of Discipline Essay

A novel based on his own military experience at â€Å"The Citadel†, Pat Conroy’s The Lords of Discipline takes place at the South Carolina Military Institute (a fictitious military school). Like most military schools throughout the United States, â€Å"The Institute† prides itself on its ability to transform â€Å"douche bags† to â€Å"whole men†. The authoritative figures responsible for this transformation are the cadre (upper classman), carriers of the ring (alumni), and General Durrell (the president of the institute). Similar to the supremacist nature of the city of Charleston, â€Å"The Institute† also has an illustrious history of rejecting many. The honor of wearing the ring, the ring being a symbol of graduation, does not come easy and for some does not come at all. Whether it is the dark skinned Pearce, the pants pissing Bobby Bentley, or even Dante Pignetti some cadets are simply not allowed to graduate from the school. No matter how intelligent, strong, or determined some students are forced to leave the institute in order to keep the reputation of the institute strong. Will McLean, an Irish Roman Catholic and the novel’s protagonist, did not belong at the institute. However, because of his status on the basketball team, like most other athletes, he was overlooked by the system allowing him to experience the institute with no real danger of expulsion. Will noticed, through his experience in the plebe system and curiosity for â€Å"Then Ten†, that this school was wrong. Will realized that the rules inside the Gates of Legrand were different from the rest of the United Sates. Will McLean along with his roommates, Mark and Pig, rebelled against the institute, disagreeing with its illegality and abuse of selected students. As in most military schools, a system is put in place, to insure desired results. For â€Å"The Institute† there is three stages to achieving the desired result of becoming a whole man: Plebe Year (freshman year), the cadre (upperclassman), and wearing the ring (graduating from the University). During a cadet’s plebe year at the institute their mind, body, and personality are all completely destroyed. The cadet is stripped of his ndividualism and is turned into clay ball for molding. The cadre, for the most part, is responsible for the initiation to the institute. They, being the upperclassman, are assigned by the General to pick out the weak and unworthy and run them out of the institute. Whether, they give the unworthy individual extra thrashings, sweat parties, or emotional abuse the cadre almost always succeeds in the removal of such selected subjects. However, as long as a cadet does not have any disgraceful qualities, such as crying, food allergies, dark skin tone, or limited bladder control, â€Å"The Institute† will allow him to graduation. As long as one isolates the institute from the rest of the world, submit to all of its requests and necessities, and fight to protect its honor (even if that means going against one’s own morals) he will graduate form the South Carolina Military Institute. Will McLean, tolerated submission to the institute, the physical effort, and everything else the institute asked. However, Will would not abandon his moral compass, by physically abusing and emotionally destroying 18-year-old boys and he says this at the end of his plebe year â€Å"I Will not be like them. I will not be like them. I shall bear witness against them† (Conroy 232) Although, the brutality of the cadre was more than formidable, the institute often faced a strong willed individual that they could not break. For example Bobby Bentley, the pants pissing extraordinaire, refused to leave the institute and when Pig asked him why said â€Å"I had made up my mind that no one in the world was going to run me out of that school. I had made a vow to myself just like you guys must have done during the year sometime. † (Conroy 407). Although Bobby Bentley was receiving the very worst that the cadre had to offer, he was never going to leave the school. With the pride of the Institute at stake and the reputation of the cadre on the line, the institute needed a guaranteed dismissal from the unbreakable boy. â€Å"The Ten† designed by the institute in generations past, was designed to remove any problem student from the school no matter what. After Bentley’s mysterious departure Willy says, according to legend, â€Å"No one could survive the attention of The Ten† (Conroy 192). This is where the institute crosses the line. As if the viciousness of the plebe system is not enough, â€Å"The Ten† breaks the law. The Ten† is un-American and against the very foundations on which America was established. This is what makes Will rebel; this is what made him betray â€Å"The Institute†. Will assembled a group of friends to neutralize his shortcomings. Will, lacking physical strength and Charleston status, selected two meatheads (Mark Santoro and Dante Pignetti) and a legacy at the school and the city of Charleston (Tradd St. Croix). Although this seems like an irresponsible perverted way of selecting friends, this group of â€Å"paisans† had an inseparable bond. Subsequently, after Will was assigned to protect Pearce (the schools first African American student) his roommates became heavily involved. Although seemingly Will had everything under control, the involvement of â€Å"The Ten†, coerced his roommates to intercede. Throughout the final 200 pages of The Lords of Discipline, Will, Mark, and Pig step further and further outside of the boundaries of respectable cadet behavior. They kidnapping of Molligen, they witnessing â€Å"The Ten† torturing a student, and they were planning to confront the General. These men were in way over their head. Although the system of this military institute is brutal, inappropriate, and even illegal it does, in fact, produce â€Å"whole men†. Honesty, honor, discipline, strength, loyalty, and brotherhood are all facets at the heart of â€Å"The Institutes† curriculum. These characteristics were instilled into the hearts and minds of the â€Å"paisans†. These characteristics are what inspire Mark, Pig, and Will to fight â€Å"The Institute†. They knew that they were extremely outnumbered and even outwitted, but believed that their bond, their brotherhood could withstand anything. As Pig says after physically dismantling Cain Gilbreth â€Å"The Ten† â€Å"We stick together like brothers and go on secret mission for her majesty. We have adventures and great times. That was the most fun I’ve ever had out there on the beach with you boys† (Conroy 442). Ultimately, neither the â€Å"paisans† nor the South Carolina Military Institute won. Pearce, Will and Mark all graduated, much to the chagrin of â€Å"The Institute† and Pig died. Pig’s death is a example of a consequence to rebellion. Although Pig, committed suicide, it was â€Å"The Institute† that killed him. By expelling him from the school, â€Å"The Institute† destroyed Pig’s goals, passion, marriage, and life. By having the characteristics of a â€Å"whole man†, Pig would have rather killed himself than submit himself to dishonor. Although, Will had information, credible information, along with first hand sources, to ruin â€Å"The institute† he didn’t. While speaking to Tradd, in regards to why he can no longer say Pig’s name Will says â€Å"I can’t say it, I can’t say it because the Institute is that strong within me. It is in me so deep I’ll never get it out, Tradd. It is strong† (Conroy 550). The South Carolina Military Institute was responsible for the death of Will’s best friend, the humiliation of himself, and the terrorization of many plebes before him, but Will still wanted to wear the ring. Will still wanted to graduate. Without a doubt, The South Carolina Military Institute was wrong. Their treatment of students were not only morally unacceptable, but illegal. Had the United States Government received information about Pearce’s torture or even the way plebes were treated General Durrell would have been imprisoned and â€Å"The Institute† dismantled.

My First Day In The US Essay

As I remember it, the first day that I came to U.S. was June 26, 2006. My first day in U.S. was both exciting and upsetting, I was exciting about was seeing my mom for the first time over a year, the upsetting part is I had to leave my good memories in my hometown. I had to left all of that behind friends, family and schools. However, life moves on, things need to be done. When I got out of the terminal in LAX, I saw the smile on my mother’s face that was the happiest smile I hadn’t seen in a long time. She waved at me and she was wearing a white T-shirt and blue jeans. As we were walking towards the car in the parking lot, she asked me â€Å"how do you feel, are you happy to be here?† Then I answered â€Å"the weather is pretty good and the people seem nice.† As we headed to dinner from LAX, I noticed there are a lot of open roads in California that are well taken care of, and people tend to drive a lot faster here in California than in China. I said to my mom, â€Å"The roads here seems to be in better condition then in China.† My mom answered â€Å"Well, yes, the road construction in the United States has a higher quality than China, however, it takes more time to complete Highways here. Normally, in the United States it takes around 4-5 years to build a bridge. In China, as you know, it only take one year or two years tops, which that might be the reason why the roads here are a better quality than in China.† As we went along, I also noticed California drivers tend to be more aggressive than Chinese drivers, often changing lanes without using their turn signals. Californians also tend to drive a lot faster than those in China, might be because the roads are in better conditions. It only took us about an hour to the restaurant where we had dinner. It was called â€Å"The Hat†, in Victoria Gardens. I noticed along the road parking patterns in the United States are much more regulated. People in China park either way and either direction on the road, while people in United States park based on the direction of the road (i.e. if someone is driving on the right side of the road they just park on the right side of the curb). Inside the diner, we ordered a pastrami dip sandwich, and a tuna sandwich. They were both was tasty. The chili cheese fries were enormous. We didn’t even finish it all, but I loved â€Å"The Hat† from that moment on. However, as we waiting for the food, I saw on the menu, almost all the food is stylized around individual servings. Such as steak sandwich , french fries, pastrami dip sandwiches and soups. They are all served as separate courses (appetizers, main course, etc). Back in China, in my mind, I thought all of the food from every â€Å"individual† course is served together. As we were eating, I looked at the kitchen where they are making sandwiches, it seems that the kitchens of American style food are more peaceful. People tend to buy only things like lumps of fish that can’t be distinguished from other fish without a label or crabs that may have already been boiled. All you have to do is put them into the oven or the pan and cook them. In China, however, the kitchens seem very violent and active. All of the chicken, duck and fish are freshly cut in the kitchen. The kitchen is full of glimmering kitchen knives. I feel as if it is like a battle field. The atmosphere of American and Chinese food differ greatly. A lot of good American restaurants are generally built in beautiful scenic or metropolitan areas, so I sometimes feel as if American food is about â€Å"Eating the scenery† rather than â€Å"Enjoying the taste†. Time flies, I have been in the U.S. for more than six years. There are some more things that I didn’t notice on the first day I arrived in California. There are many cultural differences between the U.S. and China. In China, one of them is people think about ideas in a collective sense, often considering how their actions will affect their friends and families. Chinese people tend to collaborate before making a decision. Decisions are made for the greater good as opposed to personal choice. In America, prioritizing individual goals and motives over the group is considered the norm. The number one reason I came to U.S. was because my mother wanted me to. I had to leave all my friends and family behind. It was the hardest decision that I ever had to make because I didn’t want to disappoint my mother. Students in California are not as stressful as the students in China. There are be many actives available in California, because of more freedom to young people then would be in China. At last, to be in the U.S. is just like a new adventure, I learned many things that I could never learn in China. I met a lot of interesting people that I probably could never have met if I am still in China. Overall, looking back to the first day, I was like a country’s boy that just came into the city.

Dec Of Independence Essay English

However, the document does not just serve as a list of misrepresentations and evils done by the King, but it in fact helps to outline an abstract plan of how the people of the colonies should live after secession from the Crown. Jefferson is able to annunciate, within the document, the utter importance of the basic rights all men should have. The Declaration of Independence also helps guide the people away from governments with unchecked power. Jefferson's overarching theme within the document is self- government and he writes with a huge emphasis on State representation.Basic human rights are some of the most controversial topics that the world has ever seen. The Declaration of Independence is no exception. The principles of the document all deal with basic human rights. Jefferson states the King's inhumane decisions and actions against the rights, we the people, ought to have as human beings. Jefferson states that we all have, â€Å"certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Jefferson has incredibly strong feelings about people who try to take away our natural rights and he wants to deter the States from being tuck under a government that does not respect those very rights. Not only as people do we have the privilege to these rights, but we also have the duty to preserve them at any cost. Jefferson's statements within the document help to show his true agenda; to offer a reason to change their society so that the people can be free without misrepresentation. Thomas Jefferson proves the importance of rebelling against absolute monarchs within his writing of The Declaration of Independence.He writes of how the King used his power for evil instead of good. For instance, Jefferson states, † He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. † The people Of the colonies must stand up to the British Empire at any cost to preserve their liberty and fre edom. He puts everything on the table and provides a direction to a system in which States can govern themselves and depend less on a centralized government. Jefferson demands that the people of the colonies are able to live in peace whilst completely represented in terms of taxation, military endeavors, etc.Although at times Jefferson's words seem to sound like he has a literal plan of how the colonies should be governed, in fact, it is a philosophy that does not have to be limited to just those who live in the colonies, but any person or people that feel they have been unfairly or unrightfully governed. His words offer a powerful message that any oppressor, whether a single person or a unified government, needs to be dealt with and should never be allowed to continue with wrath. The only way to entirely get rid of tyrannical or corrupt leaders, kings, etc. is to give the majority of the power to each individual state to self-govern.Jefferson feels above all else that state rights and representation are the most important ideals and values we, as a people, should have. The Declaration of Independence serves as a highly summarized game plan to create a less intrusive and less intensive government that will not unfairly govern the people. The document Serves as a message that the United Colonies are independent and shall govern themselves whether or not the King of Britain agrees. Jefferson demands that States at least have proper representation within a national government if there is to be one.Though, this document is not merely just a plan for a new government, it also serves as something more: an idea that will fuel freedom and a new beginning for the people. Jefferson uses several different means of getting his point across within The Declaration of Independence. He uses harsh examples of evil actions committed by the tyrannical government of Britain. Another example of Jefferson getting his point across is a brand new future he speaks of as well as hat th e States/Colonies could have if they get rid of the British monarch.

Person-Centred and Systems Theory Approach Case Study Based Essay

Case Study: Ramesh is 45 year old Sri Lankan man who works as a telephone call centre agent. He was close to and lived with his mother, who died 18 months ago. Ramesh was recently hospitalised after a suicide attempt. He had been taking anti-depressants for several months before he took an overdose. According to his sister, he had become depressed and was drinking and smoking a lot, and hardly ever eating. He had been taking time off work, and was at risk of losing his job with BT.His sister says that Ramesh went downhill after the death of their mother, but that she was surprised at this as he always complained about all the things he had to do for her when she was alive. The sister has a family of her own, but says that she has tried to involve Ramesh in her family, but he had mostly refused. He had some friends who he used to play cricket with, but he has stopped seeing them. He had been saying that there’s nothing to live for, and he wanted to be left alone. Ramesh is due to be released from hospital in two weeks’ time.IntroductionThe purpose of this essay is to critically analyse the Task-centred and client-centred approaches to Social Work Intervention. I will initially explain their main principles, advantages and disadvantages and apply them to the assessment, planning and intervention of the above case study. Particular attention will be paid to how these perspectives inform the application of anti-oppressive practice (AOP). The word ‘perspective’ describes a partial ‘view of the world’ (Payne 1997:290) and is often used to attempt to order and make sense of experiences and events from a particular and partial viewpoint.The reason for choosing these two theories is because they can be used simultaneously. One of the major attributes of the Person Centred approach is the emphasis on relationship building between the Social Worker and the service user, which therefore makes it easier to set out the tasks that need to be carried out because lines of communication have been opened up Task- centred Approach The task-centred model is a short-term, problem-solving approach to social work practice. It is a major approach in clinical social work perhaps  because unlike other several practice models, it was developed for and within Social Work (Stepney and Ford, 2000).My reasoning behind adopting this approach is because it is essentially a clear and practical model that can be adapted for use in a wide range of situations. It is designed to help in the resolution of difficulties that people experience in interacting with their social situations, where internal feelings of discomfort are associated with events in the external world. One of the many benefits of planned short-term work is that both the Social Worker and Client put immediate energy into the work because the time is limited.The dangers of the effectiveness of the intervention being reliant on the Social Worker/Client relationship, whic h may or may not work out, are minimised in the short-term. The model consists of five phases. Phase one This is the problem exploration phase and is characterised by mutual clarity. Problems are defined as an unmet or unsatisfied wants perceived by the client (Reid, 1978). The client should be as clear as the social worker about the processes that will be followed in order to fully participate fully in the work.Involving the service user right from the initial phase has the advantage that they feel empowered and is a good example of anti-oppressive practice. Less commonly the worker may take the lead in identifying the problems but however must be careful not to detract from the clients’ unique expertise in the understanding of their own individual situation. This phase normally takes from one to two interviews although some cases may require more. It ends with setting up of initial tasks. In Ramesh’s case the Social Worker will be using the following sequential Steps .Identifying with Ramesh the reasons for the intervention in the first place. Explain to Ramesh how long the process will take (roughly between 4- 6 weeks). The social worker has to assess Ramesh’s ability to understand his problems and their extent especially taking into consideration that he has issues with alcohol and dependent on anti-depressant drugs. Establish whether Ramesh acknowledges he has a problem and is willing to do something about it. The process of problem exploration will entail the answering of a series of questions: How did his problems begin? What happens typically when Ramesh drinks a lot of alcohol?How often this happening iand what quantities of alcohol is he going through per day/week? What efforts (if any) he himself has put into resolving his problems? Phase two This is when the selecting and prioritising of the problems occur. This has to be what both the Social Worker and Ramesh acknowledge as the ‘Target problem’ and explicitly agree will become the focus of their work together. Commonly there will be a series of problems identified and will be ranked in order of their importance (Stepney and Ford, 2000). There are basically three routes for problem identification.The most common is through client initiation. Clients express complaints which are then explored. A second route is interactive. Problems emerge through a dialogue between the practitioner and client in which neither is a clear initiator. In the third route to problem identification the practitioner is clearly the initiator. So for example, using the information in case study, the problems could be listed as: Dependence on alcohol Excessive smoking Isolation Phase three Following the identification and ranking of target problems stage, the first problem to be identified will need to be framed within a ‘problem statement’.The client's acceptance of the final problem statement leads to a contract that will guide subsequent work. Both practi tioner and client agree to work toward solution of the problem(s) as formulated. The way the problems are framed and defined are crucial in motivating both the Social Worker and the service user. The ultimate goal is to avoid the service user from feeling over-whelmed or that the goals set are unachievable. Therefore they have to be set in a realistic manner which also reflect the concerns and wishes of the service user, again this re-enforces anti-oppressive practice issues.They should be clear and unambiguous and which lend themselves, as far as possible, to some sort of measurement so that the Social Worker and service user can tell what progress is being made. So for instance if it is agreed that Ramesh’s dependence on alcohol is the priority, the Social Worker can suggest and also help him join an Alcohol support group. Agree on the number of meetings he’ll attend. Not only will the support group help him tackle the alcohol issues but will also give him the opport unity to be around other people and interact with them.Gradually this should help eliminate the isolation issues which are major facilitator of depression. Evidence shows that the more support and services the person has, the more stable their environment. The more stable their environment, the better the chances of dealing with their substance problems (Azrin 1976, Costello 1980, Dobkin et al 2002, Powell et al 1998). An important secondary purpose of the model is to bring about contextual change as a means of preventing recurrence of problems and of strengthening the functioning of the client system.One of the issues Ramesh is dealing with is depression which according to his sister was triggered by his mother’s death. With his approval, it might be useful for Ramesh to be referred for bereavement counselling in order to come to terms with losing his mother. Other important things that need to be considered during this phase are ways of establishing incentives and motivatio n for task performance. The task may not itself satisfy Ramesh’s ‘wants’ but at least he must see it as a step in that direction. Phase four This is the stage where implementation of tasks between sessions occurs.There is not a great deal to say about this self-evident phase, however, that is not to say it is not an important phase. Its success will depend on all the groundwork undertaken in the previous phases of the process. Task implementation addresses the methods for achieving the task(s), which should be negotiated with the service user, and according to Ford and Postle, (2000:55) should be; ‘’designed to enhance the problem solving skills of participants†¦ it is important that tasks undertaken by clients involve elements of decision making and self-direction†¦ if the work goes well then they will progressively exercise more control over the implementation of tasks, ultimately enhancing their ability to resolve problems independentlyà ¢â‚¬ .According to Doel (2002:195) tasks should be â€Å"carefully negotiated steps from the present problem to the future goal. † Once tasks are set, it is important to review the problems as the intervention progresses in order to reassess that the tasks are still relevant to achieving the goals. Cree and Myers (2008:95) suggest that as circumstances can change, situations may be superseded by new problems.The workers role should be primarily to support the user in order to achieve their tasks and goals which may include providing information and resources, education and role-playing in order to handle difficult situations. In this case Ramesh will go ahead and continue attending his alcohol cessation support group and the Social Worker can work on arranging bereavement counselling for him and liaise with him about when he feels ready to start. Phase five- Termination Session Termination in the task-centred model begins in the first session, when client and practitioner se t time limits for the intervention.Throughout the treatment process the practitioners regularly reminds the client of the time limits and the number of sessions left additional progress. If an extension is made, practitioner and client contract on a small number of additional sessions, usually no more than four interviews. It should also be noted that such extensions occur in less than one fifth of the cases in most settings. Any accomplishments made by the client are particularly stressed in the termination session. This emphasizing of the client's accomplishment serves as a reinforcer.In another final termination session activity, the practitioner assists the clients in identifying the problem-solving skills they have acquired during the treatment process, review what has not been done and why not. An effort is made to help clients generalize these problem-solving skills, so they can apply them to future problems they may encounter. Person Centred Approach The key emerging princip les of the person centred approaches are that individuals must rely on themselves and liable for their own actions (Howe D, 2009).The Person-Centred Approach developed from the work of the psychologist Dr Carl Rogers (1902 – 1987). He advanced an approach to psychotherapy and counselling that, at the time (1940s – 1960s), was considered extremely radical if not revolutionary (BAPCA). In order for people to realise their full potential they must learn to define themselves rather than allowing others to do it for them. the An important part of this theory is that in a particular psychological environment, the fulfilment of personal potentials includes sociability, the need to be with other human beings and a desire to know and be known by other people.It also includes being open to experience, being trusting and trustworthy, being curious about the world, being creative and compassionate. This is one of the most popular approaches among practitioners (Marsh and Triseliot is 1996: 52) because of its hopefulness, accessibility and flexibility. The psychological environment described by Rogers was one where a person felt free from threat, both physically and psychologically. This environment could be achieved when being in a relationship with a person who was deeply understanding (empathic), accepting (having unconditional positive regard) and genuine (Trevthick,P, 2005).The approach does not use techniques but relies on the personal qualities of the therapist/person to build a non-judgemental and empathic relationship. This in itself could be an issue because of the sole reliance on the Social ability to engage with service users. However, there are disadvantages to this approach. For example, treating people with respect, kindness, warmth and dignity can be misconstrued as ‘’adopting a person centred approach’’. This means the counselling part of the relationship has a risk of being completely over-looked.The goal would be to work on a one-to-one with Ramesh mainly using counselling skills. He has a sister who has a family of her own so therefore family work can be included as a possibility. If he is willing to perhaps go and temporarily live with his sister when he is discharged from hospital in two weeks, it will be a positive step for him to spend more time in a family setting rather than by himself. That way he might not feel so isolated and depressed. This will also help build his self-confidence and self-esteem.The lack of motivation that Ramesh has for going to work needs to be further explored. It could be he is feeling unfulfilled and that at 45 years of age he has not achieved much. He needs social work intervention which is geared towards him attaining ‘’human potential’’ (Maslow’s basic theory). The Social Worker should encourage him to come up with ways in which he can work towards that and also look at areas in his life where he can make his own choices with an aim to recognise elements in his situation that constrain these and seek to remove them.For example, if he is not turning up for work because he is unsatisfied with his job perhaps he could enrol for a vocational course in an industry he enjoys which will improve his job prospects. The fact that he says he has nothing to live for means he has no feeling of self-worth and hasn’t reached the stage of self-actualisation in his life, this is something he is going to need support in figuring it out for himself because it is relative..ConclusionIt is evident that both the task-centred and person centred approaches are popular and generally successful models of social work practice and can both be used in a variety of situations. Both approaches are based on the establishment of a relationship between the worker and the service user and can address significant social, emotional and practical difficulties (Coulshed & Orme, 2006).They are both structured interventions, so acti on is planned and fits a predetermined pattern. They also use specific contracts between worker and service user and both aim to improve the individuals capacity to deal with their problems in a clear and more focused approach than other long term non directive methods of practice (Payne 2002,). Both of these approaches have a place in social work practice through promoting empowerment of the service user and validating their worth.They do provide important frameworks which social workers can utilise in order to implement best practice However, there are certain limitations to both of the approaches, for example Further to the constraints of short term interventions Reid and Epstein (1972) suggest that these approaches may not allow sufficient time to attend to all the problems that the service user may want help with and that clients whose achievement was either minimal or partial thought that further help of some kind may be of use in accomplishing their goals.The problems Ramesh is facing are deep rooted psychological problems which may require a longer time frame to sort them out. Depression can take really long to deal with and 4-6 weeks may not be sufficient and the fear is that this might actually have an adverse effect on Ramesh if he does not see any progress within the agreed time frame.

Lakes in Kenya Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lakes in Kenya - Research Paper Example Indeed lakes are important geographical features that are formed through certain processes. A lake is defined by Chave (2001) as a body of inland standing water while oxford dictionaries (2013) defines them as huge masses of water surrounded by dry land. Kenya is a country in Africa that that has several lakes and they are Baringo, Bogoria, Chala, Chew Bahir, Elementaita, Jipe, Kamnarock, Logipi, Magadi, Naivasha, Nakuru, Turkana and Victoria. This paper is going to look at three lakes in Kenya which are Lake Bogoria, Lake Nakuru and Lake Victoria, their formation, properties, and their economic benefits. Lakes can either be natural or artificial and Chave (2001) says that natural lakes are a result of natural processes while artificial lakes are constructed by man for various purposes such as hydropower generation. The lakes discussed here are natural lakes which have an ecosystem. Lake Bogoria This is a lake in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya and is amongst what some are calling Rif t Valley lakes. These lakes are small, shallow and occupy slightly sloping depressions on the Rift Valley floor (Crafter, 1992). The lake has a length of 21.13 miles and a width of 2.175 it lays north of the equator and it is an alkaline lake. The lake is a tourist attraction site because of its soda water that attracts flamingoes. Another major tourist attraction in Lake Bogoria is the hot water geyser, and steams that are bubbling hot. Geysers are violent gushes of water from under the surface and can get to a height of between 30-60 metres. These geysers are a result of hydrological activities underground. In areas experiencing volcanic activity, water may be heated underground and through fissures get to the surface in form of jets of hot water (McLeish, 1992).It is common sight to see visitors boil eggs in the hot water. Apart from flamingoes there are fish eagles. There are also other wild animals such as gazelles, Kudu, Zebra and Baboons (Magicalkenya .com 2013). Lake Baringo -hot springs (courtesy of Kenyaphotos.wordpress.com) Lake Nakuru This lake which is 1754 m above sea level is found on the Rift Valley and it very popular with tourists to Kenya because of the large of flamingoes it hosts. The lake is in Nakuru County and it is within Lake Nakuru national park. According to magicalkenya.com this is also a soda lake which is alkaline. An alkaline lake is that whose water has a ph of 7 and above. Therefore certain animal and plant species thrive in them while others do not. Living within the park are wild animals such as both black and white rhinos, warthogs, waterbuck, zebra, buffalo and the endangered Rothschild giraffe amongst others. The lake resulted from tensional forces on rocks leading to formation of normal faults secondary faulting followed leading to more subsidence and formation of a hollow that is filled with water (Opati, 2007). This process is characteristic of other rift valley lakes. The park is a source of revenue for the Nakuru Coun ty and a source of employment to many residents. Lake Nakuru if fed by only one river known as river Njoro (inlet) and it does not have an outlet and this is the reason as to why it does not have fish. Lake Nakuru (Picture courtesy of tripadvisor.com) Lake Victoria This is a huge lake whose size is 67,493 sq kms and it is shared by three countries which are Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. According to WorldAtlas (2013), Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the largest tropical lake in the world. Importantly, it is the second largest fresh water lake in the world after Lake Superior in America.Its water flows down the Nile River into Egypt. It was the explorer John Hanning Speke who discovered Lake Victoria as the source of river Nile. McClanahan (1996) says

The future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The future - Essay Example Thus, my analysis of the future will begin with the likely changes and trends that will emerge in the global society. One country cannot be analyzed in isolation of the larger global community. Geographical and political boundaries are being eradicated by the elimination of trade barriers and rapid integration of capital markets. The world is quickly becoming a global village which facilities the entry of products, services, people, and capital in each country. Alongside is the huge advancement in technology. Technological breakthroughs brought products which are important in promoting efficiency in business operations. These advances ripple to households and individuals in the form of luxury and convenience. I believe that these trends will continue in the future. Furthermore, these factors will have the most significant impact in the personal and family life. The rapid integration of markets in the global community will have a huge effect in my personal life specifically in my career. I know that this development, together with companies' increasing preference of having a more diversified workforce will bring me face to face with people having different cultures. The interaction with these individuals will affect me in more ways that I can imagine. It is irrefutable that a person is shaped by his immediate environment.

Community Health Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Health Nursing - Essay Example Parish nurse links faith and health care to advocate ministry and this includes preaching in addition to healing people. School nurses are those who are based in academes who attend to the medical needs of students and school employees. I would ask them to coordinate with their local health professionals and seek to advise on how to properly take care of their health such as practicing good sanitation, eating right, exercising regularly, etc. Young children and senior citizens are typically vulnerable to communicable diseases because their immune system is weak. But with the spread of HIV, perfectly healthy people are also vulnerable. For young people, I would always advise them to practice good hygiene and sanitation not only with their bodies but with their surroundings as well to prevent the transfer of communicable diseases. With regard to HIV, I would advise people to wear protection during sex. Active immunity is the immunity that develops after giving the primary immune response which is the exposure to live pathogen and development of symptoms. The cells that are produced by active immunity is the antibodies themselves. Passive immunity is the form of immunity that a person gets by getting immunization such as folio vaccine whereby the antitoxin or antibodies are injected into the person. Primary prevention involves the avoidance of contraction and/or transmission of diseases. They could be done through a set of preventative measures such as practicing good personal hygiene and sanitation, receiving vaccines etch. Secondary prevention includes the early detection of diseases so that prompt intervention may be administered to control the disease and minimize illness and deaths. This could be done through screening, etch.

Ethical Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Decisions - Essay Example Due to the nature of this circumstance, various ethical issues usually tend to arise. The major ethical issues that usually arise include: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Minors are considered not be competent enough to consent to treatment. A proxy with parental responsibility is expected to make decisions which are deemed to be in the best interests of the minor especially in life-saving care (Gaudine, et al., 2011). However, if it is not deemed to be so, the decision made by the proxy can be overruled by the court. The court can also consent on the child’s behalf and can overrule the refusal by the parent to consent to life-saving care. This is evidenced by the overruling of cases over Jehovah’s Witnesses believers refusal to consent to life saving blood transfusion. Whereas this seems to be against certain ethical principles, they are deemed to be within these principles in some respect (Clark, Cott, and Drinka, 2007). It is against this backgro und that this paper will seek to examine and evaluate how each of the four major ethical principles can be applied to this issue. Autonomy The autonomy principle is one of the guiding medical ethics principles that mean that patients have the right to choose what is done to their respective bodies or that of the people they have responsibility over (Clark, Cott, and Drinka, 2007). ... to try and convince the judge that the court should take temporary child custody and appoint a guardian so as to allow the life-saving treatment to be undertaken on the child (Gaudine et al, 2011). This is where the court consent applies on the child. In most cases, the parents who refuse life-saving care for a minor child usually do so for religious reasons as they refuse the fairly standard medical treatment. A good and most common example is that of the Jehovah Witness members refusing blood transfusion of their family members. Nonetheless, should parents allow the treatment of their children even when the treatment seems to be high-risk and complicated one? This ethical principle asks the question of whether the doctors should take the parents who think that the life-saving care is high-risk and complicated (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001). Beneficence This ethical principle states that whatever is done should, before all else, of benefit to the patient. The principle requires tha t those with the responsibility over the patient including the parent of minors and the doctors should take actions that benefit the patient, and not to the detriment of the patient (Clark, Cott, and Drinka, 2007). While obviously it appears that one cannot do anything that does not help the patient, people are sometimes tempted to do things, when asked by other physicians or families that are of no or of marginal benefit to patients. For example, doing a test or surgery that is unlikely to help the patient. In the case of parental refusal of life-saving care for a minor child, it raises the question of whether such a refusal is deemed to benefit the minor child or not. If such a refusal will benefit the child then the doctors may consider it. However, in most cases, parental refusal is

How old are the rocks of the Lewisian Complex in NW Scotland, and how Essay

How old are the rocks of the Lewisian Complex in NW Scotland, and how do we know - Essay Example This was followed by the new rocks folding and heating, and the intrusion of further magmas during the metamorphism, resulting in almost all the rocks being gneisses (Waters, 2003). The Lewisian Gneiss are a major division of Precambrian rocks (4.6 billion to 542 million years ago) in northwestern Scotland. In the region where the Lewisian rocks are found, they also form the lowermost rocks, also the Outer Hebrides, form the islands of Coll and Tiree, and are exposed along the northwestern coast of Scotland. â€Å"The oldest rocks of the Lewisian have been dated by radiometric technique between 2.4 billion and 2.6 billion years old, whereas the youngest Lewisian rocks have been dated at 1.6 billion years (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010). Further, the Lewisian Complex form the oldest rocks of the British Isles, and are Mid- to Late- Archaen in age (Jones15). Most of these rocks are deformed and metamorphosed igneous rocks or orthogneisses. The types of rocks found in the Lewisian Comples are broadly subdivided into felsic gneisses which have a high content of light coloured minerals, mafic gneisses with a large proportion of dark mafic minerals, and ultramafic gneisses containing purely mafic minerals. Usually, the most highly abundant felsic gneisses develop from acidic igneous rocks, and mafic gneisses from basic igneous rocks. â€Å"Mafic and ultramafic gneisses are generally found together in this part of the Lewisian Complex, and are considered to be metamorphosed varieties of gabbro and peridotite† (Waters, 2003). The Lewisian Complex has been subjected to successive developments in techniques of age determination. There has been progressive tightening of constraints from Rb-Sr (rubidium/ strontium), K-Ar mineral (potassium/ argon) mineral dating, Rb-Sr and Pb-Pb (lead) whole rock studies through U-Pb dating of bulk zircon fractions, Sm-Nd rock and mineral investigation, to the most

The Super Bowl Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Super Bowl Project - Research Paper Example A project manager is responsible for assigning tasks and managing resources around the project until its completion. In the Super Bowl Project, the project manager is supposed to oversee smooth completion of all modules of the project (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). The management approach used in the project is chiefly qualitative and also in their research. The project manager aims at proper understanding othe activities involved in effectively running a Super Bowl Project. His decision making aims at answering the how and why such events fail or prosper by checking a small sample. Before the project commenced, the manager checked cases occurring in similar events and their effects. The conclusions that have been prepared by the project manager have been used in efficient administration of the project and avoiding uncertainties. Quantitative approach is only slightly used in the procurement department in making projections for proper use of the budget (Buehring, Cassell, Johnson, Symon, 2006). The Super Bowl Project encompasses the events that run prior to the actual games, which are held in different venues. Project management will involve searching for sponsorship and broadcasts to create exposure for the Super Bowl. The city where the event is happening should have a good reputation so as to encourage more people to attend it. The project manager is conscientious for planning the event and creates provision and solutions for any uncertainties that may occur. Uncertainties include the venue being declared unavailable as the event approaches or lack of enough boosts from sponsors. On the actual day of the Super Bowl, the safety of attendants should be enhanced ensuring that there are health facilities close to the venue. Due to hysteria during games there is a possibility of mass illness and so the medical facilities should accommodate above 25,000 people. As a result of the recent terrorism threats, the project manager should liaise with the governor to provide extra National Guards. A proper evacuation plan should be made in case of an emergency to ensure the fans safely make it out of the Super Bowl venue (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). Proper insurance measures should also be placed against the property used during the event, as well as the participant’s health. The coverage should also apply to the media and sponsors in case there is a cancelation and fans need a refund on their ticket money. The project manager has to gather a number of insurers and choose the most suitable for the job. Most of the risk management that is involved in the Super Bowl project revolves around the activities happening outside the football games. The project manager should ensure that proper planning in ancillary events as well as the actual Super Bowl. The Department of Code Enforcement of Indiana has actively inspected the venue where the Super Bowl is set to be held (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). Each structure involved in the event is inspected and the st andards used to set up temporary structures set together with those of permanent structures. The organizational structure used in the project is matrix, which involves grouping the people involved on functionality and expected results. This ensures that the people in both groups make up for each other’s weaknesses and increase productivity of the product. Balanced matrix was applied to divide the project in phases and departments to