'The Worst Hard Time\r'

'In this everywherework of non-fiction Timothy Egan expresses his wish for sounder authorities policy to avoid natural tragedys. Egan’s The Worst Hard succession is a harrowing tale about farmers who fixed to stay on the plains strand so forthing crossways Texas’ panhandle, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Colorado during the major drought in the 1930’s. The disaster, kn hold as the rubble Bowl, is largely regarded as a t subverter-hearted courtshipd problem. Egan, who is a national correspondent on environmental issues for the New York Times, like an expert incorporates diachronic facts from the time with real accounts from those who stayed.Although Egan sees farming as the direct cause of the drought, winds, and spit, he portrays his characters as sternlyy entrepreneurs who were duped onto unsustainable farm- set ashore. These individuals, who were known as â€Å"Sod-busters”, started base into the area during the 1800s when federal politic s was exchange land for next to nothing. They quickly rupture up huge areas of recently colonised shoot-land to plant wheat. This quick change in unclutterography caused high winds to blow off top soil that had been accumulating over millennia.High temperatures and dust rams despoiled the area killing animals and pieces in its wake for most of the ‘30s. On April 14, 1935 the region saw its worst dust storm which rained more than 300,000 tons of dirt and dust. This twenty-four hour period became known as raw sunshine because those who witnessed it said it blotted out the sun. The dry grass became fuel for praire fires that were sparked by lightning. Swarms of grasshoppers and rabbits plagued the region. In unrivaled invention Egan describes a story in which the bunnies are brutally beaten plot of ground they’re assailants are still garbed in the Sun daytime best.The worst piece was the endless wind and dust. virtuoso unripened m contrasting, Hazel Shaw, lost her baby daughter and grandmother within hours of each other to dust pneumonia. Using private stories such as this, Egan tries to point out that this disaster could provoke been pr showcaseed with more cautious governing policy. Egan portrays his characters as innocent victims of railroad companies and the government. However, as the situation got worse no sensation told them that their promises where founded on speculation.Egan describes how Germans, who had been lured to Russia by Catherine the Great to parcel out as a human devotee from the Turks, headed for the Ameri base plains when her promise of free land and no taxes was found to be false. One such man was George Ehrilich. He didn’t â€Å"flee the czars army, suffer a hurricane at sea and live with native hatred caused by the Great fight just to abandon 160 kingdom of Oklahoma that belonged to him and his 10 American-born children”. In stories exchangeable this Egan portrays his characters a s resilient and even stubborn. To survive they did what they had to do but did not saltation up on their dreams.Egan follows the stories of families that move into in the raw lands in the region that rarely dark out worthwhile. In wizard story a family moves to an inhospitable area afterwards grueling journey. Upon arrival their horses fell over dead and their owners were forced to drink the rip from a sows ear to stay alive. Egan expertly incorporates facts and vivid stories to gain sympathy for disenfranchised working Americans and reveal the root cause of the system Bowl. Hopefully Egan can take in enough people that control government policy to prevent another denouement like the debris Bowl.\r\nThe worst hard time\r\nWhat lessons, If any, take up we well-educated from the dust bowl catastrophe-?about how human actions, well-meant or not, can leading to environmental damage? Is there anything parallel on the horizon today? 225). What lessons, If any, have we lear ned from the dust bowl catastrophe-?about how human actions, well-intentioned or not, can lead to environmental damage? Is there anything comparable on the horizon today? draft on more contemporary examples of environmental disasters or concerns, pen a typography that explores how this debate continues to be timely or hat takes a stand on this debate. . According to the Houston Chronicle, â€Å"The Worst Hard Time documents how government and business with the best of Intentions can facilitate the destruction of an entire region. ” formulate how this Is true with regard to the make clean Bowl, and because extend your analysis to allow in the relevancy of this statement to more recent events. What parallels to authoritative events do you see? What are the implications for our night club today? 3. Watch the 2012 documentary pack by Ken Burns called â€Å"The body Bowl” (PBS. Erg/sunburns/dustbins), and thusly write a imperative analysis of the documentary bri ng and Jeans record script. Note any conflicting accounts of the dust bowl or the presentment of events or any additions of details In one account that arent present in the other, and then reflect on the deduction of these differences. Do the accounts share the same purpose and consultation? How do the messages vary? Analyze how the different medium and genre-?a historical declare vs.. A documentary film-?employ confusable or differing strategies to appeal to the audience and station out their message. 4.As noted at the end of the book, in the section on â€Å"Notes and Sources,” Egan conducted the search for the book using multiple methods and by compiling various types of data. Besides consulting customary documents (like U. S. Census reports), local anaesthetic public program library collections, local newspapers, and other historical societies and historical sources, Egan also did primary look by visiting the High Plains and interviewing people who lived thro ugh the Dust Bowl. What is the effect of weaving personal stories and stories of individuals and families Into his historical account?What is the effect on you, as a deader, and your intellectual of this historical event? Carry out your own project In which you 1) consult a secondary source on a local historical event (environmental, political, or cultural) and then 2) interview an older coition or acquaintance or corporation member who has a recollection of the event. keep open a report on the event, followed by a reflection on how your savvy of the event and presentation of the report were alter by these deferent types of evidence. 5.Conduct further interrogation on the political and social events cooccur with Jeans Dust Bowl portrayal Ђ?such as the Stock Market smash-up of 1 929, the Homestead Act, the Hoover presidential term policies, the election of FED, the New Deal programs utilize by FED, etc. Then write an analysis of how an understanding of the larger cu ltural, historical, and sparing context can deepen our understanding of the Dust Bowl. As an alternative, you capacity research and write a project that examines the local context in Kansas, drawing on Kansas History resources (see the links at assassinations. Us/ dustbins. HTML).Or, explore, In particular, the political effects of the Dust Bowl. How multimedia project-?a website or video-?that integrates print, audio, video, and images to develop the multi-layered experiences of various families and regions portrayed in Jeans book, on with the multi-sensory experiences of the Dust Bowl. You might create a timeline or use maps, oral histories, photos, etc. To help convey the experience via a multimedia format. Or you might point on a key event or issue, such as Black Sunday, dust pneumonia, static electricity, soil 8 | Face u I t y G u I d e erosion and conservation, etc. ND organize your multimedia presentation around en of these topics in vagabond to deepen and enrich unders tanding of these issues. 7. write a reply to the question: â€Å"How is this book germane(predicate) to 21st century readers? ” You might consider the most serious bionomic or environmental issues that we currently face, and the rejoinders and actions of individuals, communities, activists, and governments. Or, as a group col repulseative project, position an ecological or environmental problem, and muster in a proposal or reply that might solicit the problem. Present this as a multi-part paper or website. . During the Dust bowl, a umber of people odd their homes-?a migration about which Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath is written. entirely most residents chose to stay. Write a response in which you evaluate why the residents stayed. Would it have been better to have left? Which plectrum would you have made? Use illustrations and examples from the book to support your analysis. 9. Create a associate environmental distinguish in which you include raillery threads of his torical accounts of environmental disasters-?such as the Dust Bowl-?along with accounts of current environmental events or concerns.With he purpose of creating collective action, include cover steps that individuals and communities might take to address environmental concerns, and include links to relevant national and local organizations and community groups. 10. imagine that the sequences of diary entries from Don Harebell in Nebraska (pages 244-48; 274-78; 294-302) were presented in the current day as a wobble or blob. Harebell, like many floggers, has chosen to hold the entries open to finds from readers. Write a comment in response to one of the sequences of diary entries. Harebells last entry name in the form of a poem (page 302).Analyze the significance of that poem, or write a response to that in the form off blob entry. 11. Jeans historical account incorporates multiple disciplinal perspectives ranging across the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities. Whil e the environmental perspective is crucial to Jeans account of the Dust Bowl, he is also hobbyed in effects on human psychology, family behavior, marriage, labor conditions, agriculture, the food industry, the liquor laws and trade, political systems, sacred systems, economic systems, music, the arts, etc.Drawing on your own faculty member (or personal) occupys or the subject area or field in which you are preparedness to major, look for appearances of this disport/area of interest in the book. What role does your disciplinary interest (or related interest) play in Jeans historical account? Or, if you dont see your area of interest or study represented in Cantors account, explain what role it might have played had it been factored in. Links to further questions for discussion or short writing prompts.\r\n'

'Success Is a Journey Not a Destination\r'

'(a) In the following passage, adjoin in each of the numbered blanks with the correct bod of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage, but indite in correct serial value the word or phrase attach to the blank space. Example: (0) discussed. The other twenty-four hour period we (0) ______(discuss) the attitudes of people in our country. Why (1) _____ (be) near of them rude and aggressive? Pritam asked. Sanjana (2) ______(say) that it (3) _____(be) because on that point (4) ________(be) similarly many people and unmatched had to entreat for everything.Nirode (5)______(insist) that it (6) ______(be) the climate. We (7) _______(be) as efficient and polite as Europeans if only our weather (8) _______ (be) better. [4] (ii) Joe? s p atomic number 18nts are sick ________ his behaviour. (iii) Colonel Gurmeet congratulated the soldiers _______ their victory. (iv) The planet was seen ________ the telescope. (v) The news of his progress came ________the next day. (vi) He is not afeard(predicate) _______ the consequences. (vii) He rushed ______ the class as he was late. viii) The school is famous _______its sports achievements. [4] (c) interchangeable the following sentences to make one realized sentence without using and, but or so. (i) Sonia asked a riddle. I was unable to work on it. (ii) John helped Thomas. Thomas allow incessantly be grateful. (iii) Rajan is a great Cricketer. He is also popular. (iv) Adnan sang a marvelous song. It became a hit. (i) We had not even walked one kilometre when they stopped us. (Begin: Hardly …………………) (ii) The retrospect is so vivid that I will never forget it. Use „as well? in place of „so? ) (iii) That take up not happen. (Rewrite: using does. ) (iv) Food and quiet were all we cared about. (Begin: All ……………………. ) (v) We sat there face to face with our accuser. (Begin: There …………â⠂¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦. ) (vi) Herbert consulted his parents originally accepting the job offer. (Begin: Herbert did not ……….. ) (vii) launch your tools away, the children may fall over them (Use: lest………………………) (viii) It was the hold time he saw his wife. (Begin: never……………………)\r\n'

'Edgar Allen Poe Alcohol’\r'

'Sam Doueiri Edgar Allan Poe and substance squall The Bottled Curse Edgar Allan Poe was one of America’s most celebrated poet and story teller. His flavour started early with misfortune. Both of his parents were already dead, when Edgar was 3 historic period old. His father died of tuberculosis and his gravel died of tuberculosis and pneumonia. He was select and be drill until he was 17 long time old. He started the roast of alcoholic bever sequence with 17 and he started gambling.As his adopting father figured out, he stopped all financial supports of his adopted son. Edgar had to leave the University and he enlisted in the U. S. military, and posterior obtained a military school. Edgar Allan Poe was expelled from the military school after one year attending. During his clip in this school he create his first poetry book. Over the years Poe established a reputation as a writer. Drinking remained a lifelong problem. Edgar adopted a lifestyle which include a constant abuse of alcohol.Although authorship brought him fame, he had to struggle with his full life with financial issues. Because of the leaking copyright surety to his time, he never was financially rewarded for his sharp masterpieces of poetry and literature. Therefore he struggled through with(predicate) his whole life with money issues. throughout most of his authorships Edgar Allan Poe mentions the abuse of alcohol â€Å"I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity. During these fits of infrangible unconsciousness I drank … God still knows how often or how much.As a proposition of course, my enemies referred the insanity to the boozing rather than the drink to the insanity. ” Courtney JF: â€Å"Addiction and Edgar Ellen Poe” Med Times 1972; one hundred:162-163. He started in a young age with the excessive abuse of alcohol, as a classmate recalled: â€Å"He would always take for granted the tempting glass, generally unmixed with gelt or wa ter- in f incite, perfectly straight- and without the to the lowest degree apparent pleasure, swallow the contents, never pausing until the pass away drop had passed his lips. Bonaparte M: â€Å"The purport and flora of Edgar Allan Poe”, Imago Pub, London 1949:31-32 Alcohol appears a great deal in Poe’s stories, usually attached to some following violent act or event: ” One wickedness, return home, much intoxicated, from one of my haunts about town, I fancied that the cat avoided my presence. I seized him; when, in his fright at my violence, he inflicted a slight wound upon my hand with his teeth. The ferocity of a demon instantly have me. I knew myself no longer. My original individual seemed, at once, to take its flight from my luggage compartment; and a more than fiendish malevolence, gin-nurtured, excite every fiber of my frame.I took from my waistcoat-pocket a penknife, undecided it, grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut on e of its eyes from the socket…. When understanding returned with the morning- when I had slept off the fumes of the night’s debauchery-I experienced a perspective half of horror, half of remorse, for the crime of which I had been guilty; but it was, at best, a feeble and equivocal feeling, and the soul remained untouched. I again plunged into excess, and soon drowned in wine-colored all memory of the deed. ” Poe’s â€Å"The swart cat-o-nine-tails” www. heliterature ne twainrk. com pages 2-5. In conclusion, Alcohol abuse became a part of Edgar Allan Poe’s life, it touched his writings his perception and his creativity. He went into or so a â€Å"Dark Side” in his life and gave little windows of his mind through his literature. It seems almost as if the Alcohol took overhanded and had finally a body of mind, from which on the Alcohol himself and parts of Poe’s reputation were writing in between two different worlds, the â₠¬Å"Dark side” and the â€Å" native and innocent side” of life.His way of writing very â€Å" Dark” finds an interesting make of making the referee being comic what will happen next. It is” miserable” itself what makes the reader keep reading. Courtney JF: â€Å"Addiction and Edgar Ellen Poe” Med Times 1972; 100:162-163. Bonaparte M: â€Å"The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe”, Imago Pub, London 1949:31-32 Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat” www. theliterature network. com pages 2-5.\r\n'

'Call Center Manager\r'

'The BCG matrix method is establish on the product life round of drinks theory that undersurface be employ to determine what priorities should be given in the product portfolio of a commercial enterprise unit. To pick up long-term value creation, a beau monde should assume a portfolio of products that contains both high-growth products in need of gold inputs and low-growth products that flummox a lot of cash. It has 2 dimensions: commercializeplace package and commercialise growth. The basic idea skunk it is that the bigger the commercialise dole out a product has or the faster the products market grows, the break it is for the company.\r\nPlacing products in the BCG matrix results in 4 categories in a portfolio of a company: • gold Cow †a short letter unit that has a man- sized market constituent in a fester, slow developing industry. Cash kine require little investiture and generate cash that can be apply to invest in other business units. â₠¬Â¢ Star †a business unit that has a large market shargon in a fast growing industry. Stars may generate cash, still because the market is growing rapidly they require investment to maintain their lead. If successful, a star leave become a cash affright when its industry matures. Question Mark (or line Child) †a business unit that has a small market shargon in a high growth market. These business units require resources to grow market share, but whether they will succeed and become stars is unknown.\r\n• cut across †a business unit that has a small market share in a mature industry. A blackguard may not require firm cash, but it ties up capital that could better be deployed elsewhere. Unless a dog has some(prenominal) other strategic purpose, it should be liquidated if thither is little prospect for it to gain market share. pic] Some limitations of the Boston Consulting Group intercellular substance include: • High market share is not the notwiths tanding success chemical element • Market growth is not the only indicator for attractiveness of a market • Sometimes Dogs can earn flush more cash as Cash oxen The BCG Matrix method can help understand a ofttimes made strategy mistake: having a one-size-fits-all-approach to strategy, such as a generic growth target (9 percent per year) or a generic return on capital of say 9. % for an entire corporation.\r\nIn such a scenario: A. Cash Cows Business Units will beat their earn target easily; their management have an easy job and are often praised anyhow. Even worse, they are often allowed to reinvest firm cash amounts in their businesses which are mature and not growing anymore. B. Dogs Business Units contradict an impossible battle and, even worse, investments are made now and then in hopeless attempts to ‘turn the business around. C. As a result (all) Question tag and Stars Business Units get mediocre size investment funds. In this way they are unable to eve r become cash dismays. These inadequate invested sums of money are a waste of money. Either these SBUs should receive complete investment funds to enable them to happen upon a real market dictum and become a cash cow (or star), or otherwise companies are rede to disinvest and try to get whatsoever possible cash out of the enquiry marks that were not selected.\r\n'

'Crowd Safety in Sports Grounds Essay\r'

' resident physicians indebtedness fare (1957) is the fundawork forcetal coiffe of attestor safety at sporting events. This fare is that an occupier of a premises owes a common duty of care to their visitors. Occupier is in charge of premises. Visitor is most that is invited or permitted to be at the premises. disable visitors covered by the Disability diversity Act 1995. Cunningham v Reading FC 1992- arena crumbling. Lump of concrete thrown by fans, hit police man on the head. Was foreseeable because of poor stadia. Reading show apt(predicate) for negligence.\r\nSimms v Leigh RFC- rugby federation player tackled but injured when he slid off pitch into concrete smother next to pitch. Club not liable because perimeter was regulated distance. Safety of Sports effort Act 1975- covers in all stadiums and all sports. It protects all spectators. Fire Safety and Safety of put of sport 1987- licenses from local authorities. Defines how many stack in a stand. Because of Bradfo rd fire (wooden stands) act make it so that stadia had to be made of fire proof material football game Spectator Act 1989- is about criminalise orders.\r\nIf person commits offence can be banned from sporting events for a authoritative period of time. Sporting Events (Control of Alcohol) 1985- cannot be self-denial of alcohol at football matches or on a journey to match. sinful Justice and Public Order Act 1994- section 60 -Police Powers regarding Public order. 166A shred Toutingâ€Ticket touting illegal- cannot sell tickets in cosmos places Football Offences Act 1991-only at football -cannot throw missiles or make antiblack or indecent chants JAN 28-2010- Craig Bellamy, attacked with bottles and coin. 2 men arrested for attack.\r\n'

'The Great Awakening\r'

' majuscule wake up revive and reformed holiness by creating a bracing intensely-emotional speak to to Church teachings. wise blank preachers added a much needed Jolt to this ghostly counterbalance of boring and uninspiring sermons. They rivaled, and served as heartrending ambition for the traditional â€Å"Old Light” teachers. However, was the abundant awaken a key contribution to the American transmutation? I can agree, but, the true solving Is Indecisive. Whether the â€Å" arouse” did or did not influence independency in America, this youthful wave of spiritual exemption is with no doubt an important landmark in history.Despite disagreeing to this adjoining opinion, the â€Å"supposedly” ineffective relationship between the gravid waking up and the revolution is support with telling content. concord to some, this religious involvement was merely, as Jon butler puts it, an â€Å"interpretive fiction”. This states that the cracking Awakening was a pregnant symbol with no valid indite; it had â€Å" much(prenominal) talk, and less substance”. Butler besides argues that historians took â€Å"revivals having unforesightful connection” and unified them Into one unfit affair.When unite with the world of politics, Church leaders failed to distribute morality because of failure to defend It. They neer support the Awakening with â€Å"factional alignments” (historical evidence) and even failed to show secure â€Å" discontentedness with the over-embellished relationship”. Some rebellious factions resembling Samuel Wards and Stephen Hopkins in Rhode Island, and several New York resistance parties, were never joined to the Great Awakening. Defiance groups against Britain were already constituted without the attention of a religious influence.The arguments that supported this â€Å" depth” werent persuade enough to influence such a revolt. Nevertheless, the Great Awak ening inspired a new freely independent way of elisions and political thought process in British-America either way. Ezra Stiles was an American clergyman who crazy nigh an imminent forthcoming of religious granting immunity In the colonies. This fear was an example of how such a religious movement could easily become a threat to the British. This freedom also institutes and Inspires an Ideology of liberty.Led by Jonathan Edwards, George Whitfield, and the Tenets, these â€Å"New Light” preachers emotionall(a)y Impacted the ascertain of parishioners. Their detonative innovative interpretations of faith to idol and their savage sermons transmitd faith forever. James Davenport was known for preaching in the streets; collection listeners to learn about a una equal approach to receive Gods favor. Davenport â€Å"encouraged his followers to take up extraneous their fine clothes” and other valuables to have it off their flavor based on God and not by material things.Because of the New Lights favor for education, legion(predicate) noteworthy ivy-league colleges were created from it too. Their inspiration on affable, political, and educational subjects tag the origin of religious influence. It was a significant causa that joined the Americans to share something together as a group. This pertly and largely formed congregation do how Americans viewed party and religion to what It Is today. Even with well supported Information, disallow views towards the Great Awakening arent as win over as the power of God.Cods presence of higher countenance gave Americans entrust that the British arent strong enough to come up over them forever. Traditional teachings of the now respected as a fair, merciful, powerful, and fair leader whom the people could date up to. What was also learned under God was that all men were created are equal. America uses this precondition as inspiration for their separation considering that it was mentioned in the â€Å" settlement of independency”. The equality of man and the justice of the master copy gave an fortune for them to be free; free from English rule.As guileless as the â€Å"building of stronger faith” sounds, religion has the baron to inspire a revolution. The newfound tactile sensation of self-esteem for God and country was a strong doctor to America. They couldnt let that go. They were bolt downing to feel more like a country and â€Å"united” nation. It was unacceptable to hoodwink between their newfound religious and social beliefs with Britains already established religious and social beliefs. With the accomplishments of the Great Awakening, came the start of a separation that will change history.\r\nThe Great Awakening\r\nGreat Awakening revived and reformed religion by creating a new intensely-emotional approach to Church teachings. New Light preachers added a much needed Jolt to this religious slump of boring and uninspiring sermons. T hey rivaled, and served as serious competition for the traditional â€Å"Old Light” teachers. However, was the Great Awakening a key contribution to the American Revolution? I can agree, but, the true answer Is Indecisive. Whether the â€Å"Awakening” did or did not influence independence in America, this new wave of religious freedom is with no doubt an important landmark in history.Despite disagreeing to this next opinion, the â€Å"supposedly” ineffective relationship between the Great Awakening and the revolution is supported with heavy content. According to some, this religious involvement was merely, as Jon Butler puts it, an â€Å"interpretative fiction”. This states that the Great Awakening was a meaningful symbol with no valid reference; it had â€Å"more talk, and less substance”. Butler also argues that historians took â€Å"revivals having little connection” and unified them Into one big affair.When merging with the world of poli tics, Church leaders failed to spread religion because of failure to defend It. They never supported the Awakening with â€Å"factional alignments” (historical evidence) and even failed to show strong â€Å"discontent with the Imperial relationship”. Some rebellious factions like Samuel Wards and Stephen Hopkins in Rhode Island, and several New York resistance parties, were never linked to the Great Awakening. Defiance groups against Britain were already established without the help of a religious influence.The arguments that supported this â€Å"enlightenment” werent convincing enough to influence such a revolt. Nevertheless, the Great Awakening inspired a new freely independent way of elisions and political thinking in British-America either way. Ezra Stiles was an American clergyman who worried about an imminent forthcoming of religious freedom In the colonies. This fear was an example of how such a religious movement could easily become a threat to the Briti sh. This freedom also institutes and Inspires an Ideology of liberty.Led by Jonathan Edwards, George Whitfield, and the Tenets, these â€Å"New Light” preachers emotionally Impacted the view of parishioners. Their explosive innovative interpretations of faith to God and their fiery sermons changed religion forever. James Davenport was known for preaching in the streets; gathering listeners to learn about a different approach to receive Gods favor. Davenport â€Å"encouraged his followers to cast away their fine clothes” and other valuables to live their life based on God and not by material things.Because of the New Lights favor for education, many famous ivy-league colleges were created from it too. Their inspiration on social, political, and educational subjects marks the power of religious influence. It was a significant event that united the Americans to share something together as a group. This newly and largely formed congregation shaped how Americans viewed soci ety and religion to what It Is today. Even with well supported Information, negative views towards the Great Awakening arent as convincing as the power of God.Cods presence of higher authority gave Americans hope that the British arent strong enough to rule over them forever. Traditional teachings of the now respected as a fair, merciful, powerful, and fair leader whom the people could look up to. What was also learned under God was that all men were created are equal. America uses this term as inspiration for their separation considering that it was mentioned in the â€Å"Declaration of Independence”. The equality of man and the justice of the Lord gave an opportunity for them to be free; free from English rule.As harmless as the â€Å"building of stronger faith” sounds, religion has the ability to inspire a revolution. The newfound feeling of pride for God and country was a strong impact to America. They couldnt let that go. They were starting to feel more like a cou ntry and â€Å"united” nation. It was impossible to Juggle between their newfound religious and social beliefs with Britains already established religious and social beliefs. With the accomplishments of the Great Awakening, came the start of a separation that will change history.\r\n'

'Approaches in Psychology Essay\r'

'We can also describe the explanation of developmental psychology as â€Å"It is the cultivation in which expression develop and change during a tone span. Special beas of interest acknowledge the development of verbiage, accessible attachments, emotions, withdrawing and perception” more(prenominal) In developmental psychological science: nurtureal psychology is the scientific prove of age-related changes end-to-end the human life span. A chastening of scientific inquiry, developmental psychology recognizes humans of any societies and cultures as beings who atomic number 18 â€Å"in process,” or always growing and changing.\r\n in that respect’s a exceptional device or you can say that there’re grumpy(a) cells in the brain of a blow and has the specific period by which indulge learns the language and this type of thing is not operational in the minds of animals. The development of emotions and thinking argon also based upon the dev elopment of mind and language. When a baby learn the language he also puree to act and shows emotions like hunger, pain and something like that. 2- industrial Psychology: What is Industrial Psychology? Industrial and organizational Psychology is a specialist rea that applies psychological cognition and skills to work, with the aim of modify organizational effectiveness and the timbre of work life. More In Industrial Psychology: Psychologists in this field advise businesses and organizations on a sorting of subjects: the weft and training of proletarians; how to promote economical working conditions and techniques; how to boost employee morale, productivity, and byplay satisfaction; and the scoop up ways to evaluate employee performance and create incentives that trigger workers.\r\nI-O psychology first became prominent during World state of war II (1939-1945), when it became necessary to recruit and train the jumbo spot of new workers who were inviteed to meet the exp anding demands of industry. The selection of workers for particular credit melodic lines is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and personality characteristics needed for the theorise and of devising tests to touch on whether candidates take away such(prenominal) aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has coarse been a field of psychological research.\r\nOnce the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the I-O psychologist is to assure ways in which a particular job can best be gracious with a minimum of effort and a maximum of man-to-man satisfaction. The psychologist’s function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary speech pattern on increased production. Psychological techniques employ to diminish the effort involved in a abandoned job include a detailed occupy of the motions required to do the job, the equipment used, and the condition s under which the job is performed.\r\nThese conditions include ventilation, heating, lighting, noise, and anything else relateing the comfort or morale of the worker. later on making such a study, the I-O psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the procedure motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of some(prenominal) of these methods. Industrial-organizational psychologists give up also studied the effects of bear on workers to determine the length of working era that yields the superlative productivity.\r\nIn some cases such studies strike proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the numerate of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or breaks, during the day. I-O psychologists may also conjure less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a stop line of communication between employees and management. 3- pincer Psychology: What is Child Psychology? It’s the study in which we study how churlren grow and issues related with their upbringing, physical and psychological health. More In Child Psychology:\r\nChild Development, physical, intellectual, social, and worked up changes that occur from birth to adolescence. Although people change throughout their lives, developmental changes be especially dramatic in tikehood. During this period, a dependent, vulnerable newborn grows into a competent young person who has mastered language, is self-aware, can think and rationality with sophistication, has a distinctive personality, and socializes effortlessly with otherwises. numerous another(prenominal) abilities and characteristics developed in childhood last a lifetime. Some developments in behavior and thought are very similar for all children.\r\nAround the world, just about infants begin to focus their eye s, sit up, and learn to take the air at comparable ages, and children begin to acquire language and develop logical reasoning skills at well-nigh the same time. These pictures of individual maturement are passing holloable. Other aspects of development show a mulishly wider range of individual differences. Whether a child becomes vanquish or shy, intellectually advanced or average, or energetic or subdued depends on many unique deviates whose effects are difficult to predict at the child’s birth. A variety of factors influence child development.\r\nHeredity guides every aspect of physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and personality development. Family members, peer groups, the school environment, and the community influence how children think, socialize, and become selfaware. Biological factors such as nutrition, medical care, and environmental hazards in the air and water affect the growth of the body and mind. Economic and political institutions, the media, and cultural values all guide how children live their lives. sarcastic life events, such as a family crisis or a national emergency, can alter the growth of personality and identity.\r\nMost important of all, children contribute significantly to their own development. This occurs as they strive to understand their experiences, oppose in individual ways to the people approximately them, and choose activities, friends, and interests. Thus, the factors that guide development arise from twain outside and within the person. Why is the study of child development important? One reason is that it provides practical guidance for parents, teachers, child-care providers, and others who care for children. A second reason is that it enables society to support healthy growth.\r\nUnderstanding early on brain development, for example, means that parents can provide better opportunities for intellectual stimulation, and society can reduce or eliminate obstacles to healthy brain growth. Third, the study of child development dos therapists and educators better assist children with special needs, such as those with emotional or learning difficulties. Finally, arrangement child development contributes to self-understanding. We know ourselves better by recognizing the influences that have made us into the people we are today. 4- educational Psychology:\r\nWhat is Educational Psychology? Educational Psychology, application of scientific method to the study of the behavior of people in instructional settings. Although the behavior of teachers and students is of greatest interest, educational psychologists also study the behavior of other groups, such as teacher aides, infants, migrants, and the aged. The areas covered by educational psychologists inevitably overlap with other areas of psychology, including child and adolescent development, social psychology, psychological testing, and educational counseling.\r\nThere are different theories of child psychology which are as follow : • Learning (Different theories of learning help educational psychologists understand, predict, and control human behavior. For example, educational psychologists have worked out mathematical models of learning that predict the luck of a person’s making a correct response; these mathematical theories are used to design computerized instruction in reading, mathematics, and secondlanguage learning. Different psychologist have their contribution in this field. Ivan Pavlov and B.\r\nF Skinner are prominent) • Motivation (Attribution theory describes the role of motivation in a person’s success or failure in school situations. Success on a test, for instance, could be attributed to luck or hard work; the theory predicts the behavior of students depending on their responses. ) • Development (The theory of the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget that intellectual qualification is qualitatively different at different ages and that children need interaction with the environment to gain intellectual might has influenced all of education and psychology.\r\n'

'Voluntary turnover\r'

'Chapter NO.1IntroductionBackground1.01 Employee upset is a much(prenominal) than-studied phenomenon. at that place is a huge belles-lettres on the causes of volunteer(prenominal) employee perturbation dating back to the fiftiess.\r\n1.02 Voluntary derangement is a major(ip) job for some(prenominal) an some separate(prenominal) arrangements in many Asiatic submits ( Barnett, 1995 ; Chang, 1996 ; Syrett, 1994 ) . Employee overturn is giving sleep slight(prenominal) person darks to human resource directors in many states in Asia ( N atomic number 18sh Khatri ) . Organizations argon passing tonss of m angiotensin converting enzymey to cut vanquish employee disturbance. Employee employee derangement is likewise one of the issues faced by many organizations in Pakistan.Aim of the Research Study1.03 The design of the watch is to cognize the component ins of employee employee disturbance, why employee digress the p arnt times and leave the governing bodys and w hich factor cast the to the gamyest degree while go forwarding the memorial tablet.\r\n1.04 The aim of the evaluate is to cognize the factors, which diverge the close to in employee perturbation in, name centre industry in Pakistan.Problem statement1.05 What argon the factors of employee dollar volume in the arrangements?Research Questionsa ) What atomic number 18 the grounds ; employees quit their affairs and leave the presidencys?\r\nB ) What is the belong of the factors ( options, purpose to offend, handicraft bliss, constitutional commitness, rewards and conditions, employee features, conceptualization and using and fix of colleagues ) in employee overthrow?\r\ndegree Celsius ) Which factors cause the nearly in the employee overthrow?\r\nRational Of the Study\r\n1.06 The pattern of the investigate panorama â€Å"Factors of employee upset” is to assist disclose the directors to calculate come to the fore the factors of employee upset in th e organisations. So that the directors easy arsehole happen, why employee is go forthing the organisation? Harmonizing to the effects they can do the programs to cut down the employee upset in the organisations.Definitions of the Footings1.07 â€Å"Employee turnover is defined as, the ratio of global anatomy of cogitationers that had to be replaced in a effrontery dress period to the mean auspicate of contributeers” .Chapter NO 2Literature Review2.1 oer clip on that point apply been a consider of factors that appear to be systematically linked to turnover. An wee reappraisal article of surveies on turnover by Mobley ( 1979 ) revealed that age, term of office, overall felicity, origin content, purposes to stick by on the bloodline, and committedness were all detrimentally related to turnover ( i.e. the tall the variable, the inflict the turnover ) . In 1995, a meta- synopsis of some 800-turnover surveies was conducted by Hom and Griffith, which was late u pdated ( Griffith, 2000 ) . Their analysis substantiate some well-established findings on the causes of turnover. These include: telephone circuit satisfaction, organisational committedness, examine of options and purpose to discontinue.\r\n2.2 The top factor cited in most surveies is utter compensation and un check benefits. Lack of cargo deck and feeling that the employer taxs the employees ‘ parts in addition ranks high on the list of grounds for employee turnover. An new(prenominal) modify factor to employee turnover is hap little program line. This includes such factors as hapless communicating from leading, deficiency of provision, excessively much alteration, deficiency of resources necessary to make the occupation, deficiency of denotation that an employee is dis quenched with barter development chances, torment, take belt down behaviour, and a deficiency of flexibleness toward employees. Lifestyle alterations, such as the transportation of a partner, bir th of a kid, or the demand for a shorter commute allow in any case do employee turnover. ( Kathleen Goolsby )\r\n2.3 Some variables and factors atomic number 18 examined and discussed in much item under.Comparison of Options2.4 The comparing of options is a factor that plays a persist in employee turnover. The birth amid options and turnover on an one degree has been looked wide since March & A ; Simon ‘s 1958 seminal pee on easiness of motion.\r\n2.5 oftentimes of the subsequent doubtfulness focused on the linkup betwixt occupation satisfaction, perceived alternate chances and turnover. Subsequently, research scoreers began to concentrate on the function of both genuine and sensed chances in explicating single turnover determinations.\r\n2.6 Subsequent research has indicated that breathing options ar a better soothsayer of single turnover than sensed chances. Research on the allude of unemployment rates as a place bear outer for live chances in emp loyee turnover revealed that unemployment rates affected the job-satisfaction/turnover purpose relationship but non literal turnover ( Kirschenbaum & A ; Mano-Negrin, 1999 ) . They reason out that macro degree analysis predicted turnover cast of characterss but perceptual experiences of chances did non. This point was reinforce in their critique on medical centres in assorted locations used steps of perceived and verifiable chances in internal and external force markets. The writers concluded that aims chances were a better set of accounts of existent turnover behaviour than either sensed internal or external labour market chances.\r\n2.7 Nevertheless, while existent options appear to be a better forecaster of turnover, on that point is besides well-established grounds of the nexus among perceived options and existent turnover. In their most recent meta-analysis, Griffith ( 2000 ) confirmed that perceived options modestly predict turnover.Purposes to Discontinue2.8 i ntension to discontinue is one of the factors that play a function in employee turnover. Mobley ( 1979 ) noted that the relationship amidst purposes and turnover is consistent and by and large stronger than the satisfaction-turnover relationship, although it still accounted for less than a one-fourth of the division in turnover. Much of the research on sensed chances has been frame to be associated with purposes to go forth but non existent turnover ( Kirschenbaum & A ; Mano-Negrin, 1999 ) .Organizational Committedness2.9 Many surveies capture reported a important association surrounded by organisational committedness and turnover purposes ( Lum, 1998 ) . Tang ‘s ( 2000 ) survey confirmed the nexus between committedness and existent turnover and Griffith ‘s ( 2000 ) analysis showed that organisational committedness was a better forecaster of turnover than overall occupation satisfaction.\r\n2.10 Research workers be in possession of established that there be contrastive emblems of organisational committedness. Allen & A ; Meyer ( 1990 ) investigated the nature of the nexus between turnover and the ternion constituents of attitudinal committedness: affectional committedness refers to employees ‘ emotional sociable regard to, designation with and engagement in the organisation ; subsequence committedness refers to commitment base on costs that employees associate with go forthing the organisation ; and prescriptive committedness refers to employees ‘ feelings of duty to stay with the organisation. Simply, employees with strong affectional committedness stay with an organisation because they regard, those with strong continuation committedness stay because they need to, and those with strong prescriptive committedness stay because they feel they ought to. Allen and Meyer ‘s survey indicated that all three constituents of committedness were a negative index of turnover. In general, most research has lay out aff ectional committedness to be the most fateful variable linked to turnover.Job Satisfaction2.11 The relationship between satisfaction and turnover has been systematically effectuate in many turnover surveies ( Lum, 1998 ) . Mobley 1979 indicated that overall occupation satisfaction is negatively linked to turnover but explained smooth of the variableness in turnover. Griffith ( 2000 ) erect that overall occupation satisfaction modestly predicted turnover. In a recent sensitive Zealand survey, Boxall ( 2003 ) found the chief ground by far for people go forthing their employer was for more interesting work elsewhere. It is by and large accepted that the consequence of occupation satisfaction on turnover is less than that of organisational committedness.Features of Employees2.12 despite a wealth of research, there look to be few features that meaning to the fully predict turnover, the exclusions being age and term of office. Age is found to be negatively related to turnover ( i.e . the erstwhile(a)er a liquid ecstasy, the less app bent they atomic number 18 to go forth an organisation ) . However, age entirely explains small of the variableness in turnover and as age is linked to many other factors, entirely it contributes small to the apprehension of turnover behaviour.\r\n2.13 Tenure is besides negatively related to turnover ( the longer a individual is with an organisation, the more likely they be to remain ) . Mangione in Mobley concluded that length of service is one of the best individual forecasters of turnover. ; Griffith besides found that age and term of office abide a negative relationship to turnover.\r\n2.14 There is small grounds of a individual ‘s depend upon being linked to turnover. Griffith ‘s 2000 meta-analysis re-examined assorted ain features that whitethorn be linked to turnover. They concluded that there were no differences between the quit rates of work forces and adult effeminates. They besides cited grounds th at gender moderates the age-turnover relationship ( i.e. adult fe manfuls ar more likely to stay in their occupation the seniorer they get, than make work forces ) . They besides found no nexus between intelligence and turnover, and none between race and turnover.Wagess and Conditionss2.15 Wagess and conditions is one of the variables of the employee turnover. Mobley ( 1979 ) concluded that consequences from surveies on the function of wage in turnover were assorted but that frequently there was no relationship between wage and turnover. otherwise surveies found no important relationship.\r\n2.16 On the other manus Campion ( 1991 ) cited in Tang suggests that the most of import ground for un remunerative worker turnover is high(prenominal) stipend/c argoner chance. Martin ( 2003 ) investigates the determiners of labour turnover utilizing establishment-level demand informations for the UK. Martin indicated that there is an reverse relationship between comparative degree rewards and turnover ( i.e. constitutions with higher comparative wage had lower turnover ) .Pay and Performance2.17 Griffith ( 2000 ) noted wage and pay-related variables have a modest consequence on turnover. Their analysis besides included surveies that examined the relationship between wage, a individual ‘s reality presentation and turnover. They concluded that when high execute artists argon insufficiently rewarded, they leave. They cite findings from Milkovich and Newman ( 1999 ) that where embodied wages plans replace single inducements, their debut may take to higher turnover among high performing artists.Attitudes to Money2.18 For some persons pay will non be the exclusive standard when people decide to go on within an bing occupation. In the survey of mental wellness professionals, Tang ( 2000 ) examined the relationship between attitudes towards currency, intrinsic occupation satisfaction and voluntary turnover. One of the chief findings of this survey is that voluntary turnover is high among employees who appreciate money, disregarding of their intrinsic occupation satisfaction. However, those who do non value money extremely but who have besides have low intrinsic occupation satisfaction tended to h obsolescent the lowest existent turnover. Furthermore, employees with high intrinsic occupation satisfaction and who put a low value on money besides had significantly higher turnover than this 2nd group. The research workers besides found that puting a high value of money predicted existent turnover but that backdown knowledges ( i.e. believing more or less go forthing ) did non.Training and C areer Development2.19 Martin ( 2003 ) detected a tortuous relationship between turnover and preparation. He suggested that constitutions that enhance the accomplishments of bing workers have lower turnover rates. However, turnover is higher when workers are trained to be multi-skilled, which may predicate that this type of preparation enhances the chances of workers to happen work elsewhere. The literature on the nexus between lower turnover and preparation has found that off-the-job preparation is associated with higher turnover presumptively because this type of developing imparts more general accomplishments ( Martin, 2003 ) .Consequence of Vocational Training2.20 In a survey analyzing the consequence of apprenticeships on male school departers in the UK, stand and Satchel ( 1994 ) found that completed apprenticeships reduced voluntary job-to-job, voluntary job-to-unemployment and nonvoluntary occupation expiration rates. In contrast, unelaborated apprenticeships tended to increase the issue rate to these sacks relative to those who did non have any preparation. Winkelmann ( 1996 ) reported that in Germany apprenticeships and all other types of vocational preparation cut down labour mobility in malice of the fact that the German apprenticeship preparation is intended to supply general and therefore more movable preparation.Care er Commitment2.21 Chang ( 1999 ) examined the relationship between trading committedness, organisational committedness and turnover purpose among Korean research workers and found that the function of name committedness was stronger in foretelling turnover purposes. When persons are committed to the organisation they are less willing to go forth the gild. This was found to be stronger for those extremely committed to their affairs. The writer besides found that employees with low vocation and organisational committedness had the highest turnover purposes because they did non care either round the accompany or their current callings.\r\n2.22 Persons with high calling committedness and low organisational committedness besides tend to go forth because they do non believe that the organisation can accomplish their calling demands or ends. This is consistent with old research that high calling committers consider go forthing the company if development chances are non provided b y the organisation. However, this group is non dispose to go forth and is likely to lend to the company if their organisational committedness is increased. Chang found that persons become affectively committed to the organisation when they perceive that the organisation is prosecuting internal publicity chances, supply proper preparation and that supervisors do a solid occupation in supplying information and advice nearly callings.Influence of Colleagues2.23 A 2002 survey by Kirshenbaum and Weisberg of 477 employees in 15 houses examined employees ‘ occupation finish picks as portion of the turnover procedure. One of their chief findings was that colleagues ‘ purposes have a major important impact on all finish options †the more positive the perceptual experience of their colleagues need to go forth, the more employees themselves urgencyed to go forth.Chapter NO 3MethodResearch Procedure3.01 The research is a descriptive survey. A descriptive survey can be def ined as, â€Å"A survey that focuses on a peculiar state of affairs or set of state of affairss, studies on of import facets observed, and efforts to find the interrelatednesss among them.”\r\n3.02 The end of the descriptive research survey is to offer to researcher a indite or to depict relevant facets of the phenomena of involvement from an person, organisational, industry- oriented, or the other prospective. ( Uma Sekran )\r\n3.03 The intent of the research survey â€Å"Factors of employee turnover” is to assist out the directors to calculate out the factors of employee turnover in the organisations. So that the directors easy can happen, why employee is go forthing the organisation? Harmonizing to the consequences they can do the programs to cut down the employee turnover in the organisations.\r\n have\r\n3.04 The judge for the research is taken through the stochastic sampling. The type of sampling is cluster trying. In this type of trying I have chosen one hun dred employees as a sample to make full out the questionnaire. These employees are from unalike pieces and their places in the sections are besides different. The sample of the employees consists of top degree directors, mediate degree directors and non directors.\r\nData CollectionSecondary Datas3.05 Secondary informations is collected from the diaries, newspapers, and publications and permeable research surveies. well-nigh of the information is taken from the old research documents on employee turnover, which are available on the Internet libraries.Primary Data3.06 For the primary informations, I have knowing a questionnaire harmonizing to factors described higher up in the literature reappraisal. The questionnaire is filled by 100 employees from different organisations. The employees are from top degree direction, middle flat direction and no managerial degree.\r\nDatas Analysis\r\n3.07 Each research is analyzed by utilizing informations tabular matter regularity ; tabul ar matter consists moreover numbering the figure of instances that fall in to assorted classs.Tabulation oftenness Distribution3.08 Frequency scattering is method to reason the questionnaires, frequence statistical distribution method merely reports the figure of responses that each inquiry received and is the simplest manner of discouraging the empirical distribution of the variable. A frequence distribution organizes informations in to categories or group of values and shows the figure of observations.\r\n3.09 The presentation of tabular matter frequence distribution is done by column charts, saloon charts and pie charts etc.Chapter NO 4Consequences and DiscussionWhat is your gender? skirt 1GenderFrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Male75757575.00Female252525100.00Entire100100100Pie chart 1\r\n4.1 This tabular get down shows that the sample of 100 questionnaires was distributed at random among male and female employees. In which we observed that 75 % were male pup ils and 35 % were female employees.What is your age? turn off 2AgeFrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %20-2424242424.0025-2931313155.0030-3421212176.0035-3913131389.0040-4466695.0045-Above555100.00100100 %100 %Pie map 2\r\n4.2 The in a higher place tabular adjust shows that questionnaires were dissever into sextuplet different age groups i.e. from 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44 & amp ; 45-Above. Out of this 31 % employees were aged from 25-29. 24 % were aged from 20-24. 21 % were form 30-34. 13 % were from 35-39. 6 % from 40-44 % , & A ; 5 % from 45-supra.What is your section?Table 3DepartmentFrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Administration11111111.00Selling15151526.00Operationss77733.00Customer Servicess31313164.00Finance10101074.00Human Resource17171791.00Technical999100.00Entire100100100Pie graph 3\r\n4.3 The above tabular set about shows that the questionnaire was divided in six different sections ‘ i.e. disposal, selling, operatio ns, client services, human resource and skilful. Out of this 31 % employees are from client services, 17 % from human resource, 15 % from selling, 11 % disposal, 10 % from finance, and 9 % are from proficient sections.What is your place in the occupation?Table 4PositionFrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative % make pass direction14141414.00Middle direction21212135.00Supervisor34343469.00other313131100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 4\r\n4.4 This above tabular graze shows that the questionnaire divided in the employees of top direction, in-between direction, supervisors, and other degree of employees. Out of this 34 % employees are from supervisory degree, 31 % are from other degrees, 21 % employees are from in-between degree direction, & A ; 14 % are from top direction.What is your monthly wage?Table 5SalaryFrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative % beneath 1500017171717.00Between 15001-2000027272744.00Between 20001-2500021212165.00Between 25001-3000015151580.00Between 30001-3500014141484.00Between 35001-above666100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 5\r\n4.5 This above tabular set out shows that the questionnaire was divided to the employees in six different wages ranges i.e. Below 15000, between 5001-20000, between 20001-25000, between 25001-30000, between 30001-35000, & A ; between 35001-above. Out of this 27 % employees are acquiring the net income between 15001-20000,21 % acquiring the salary between 20001-25000, 17 % acquiring the salary below 15000,15 % are acquiring the salary between 25001-30000,14 % are acquiring the salary between 30001-35000, & A ; 6 % are acquiring the salary 35001-above.For how long do you work for the organisation?Table 6Time periodFrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Less than 3 months5555.00Between 3-6 months27272732.00Between 6-12 months21212153.00Between 1-2 old ages15151568.00Between 2-4 old ages17171785.00More than 4 old ages151515100.00100100100Pie Chart 6\r\n4.6 This above tabular roll shows that the questionnaire divided in to employees are from six different classs i.e. less than 3 months, between 3-6 months, between 6-12 months, between 1-2 old ages, between 2-4 old ages, More than 4 old ages. Out of this, 21 % employees are working for between 6-12 months, 27 % are working for between 3-6 months, 17 % are working for between 2-4 old ages, 15 % are working for between 2-4 twelvemonth ‘s & A ; More than 4 old ages. 5 % are working for less than 3 months.Rate the future(a) about your occupation satisfaction.My occupation means a batch more to me than merely money.Table 7FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative % potently Dis meet26262626.00Dis go19191945.00Neither rack up nor Dis rival77752.00 confine30303082.00 powerfully change course181818100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 7\r\n4.7 This above tabular array shows that 26 % employees are strongly resist that their occupation means a batch to them than merely money. 30 % dis tot up, 7 % neither dis har monize nor hit, 30 % are consort, & A ; 18 % are strongly gybe that their occupation means a batch to them than merely money.The major satisfaction in my life comes from my occupationTable 8FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative % strongly Dis add up24242424.00Disagree16161640.00Neither concord nor Disagree99949.00Agree34343483.00Strongly Agree171717100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 8\r\n4.8 This above tabular array shows that 24 % employees are strongly discord that the major satisfaction in their life comes from their occupations. 16 % dissent, 9 % neither agree nor disagree, 34 % are agree, & A ; 175 are strongly agree that the major satisfaction in their life comes from their occupationsI am truly evoke in my work.Table 9FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree37373737.00Disagree23232360.00Neither Agree nor Disagree00060.00Agree19191979.00Strongly Agree212121100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 9\r\n4.9 This above tabular array shows that 3 7 % employees are strongly disagree that they are interested in their work. 23 % employees disagree. 21 % employees agree, & A ; 19 % employees strongly agree that that they are interested in their work.How much satisfied are you with the calling development in the organisationI am committed with my calling instead than the organisation.Table 10FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree19191919.00Disagree14141433.00Neither Agree nor Disagree37373770.00Agree17171787.00Strongly Agree131313100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 10\r\n4.10 This above tabular array shows that 19 % employees strongly disagree that they are committed with the calling more that the organisation. 14 % employees disagree, 37 % employees neither agree nor disagree, 17 % employees agree, & A ; 13 % employees strongly agree that they are committed with the calling more that the organisation.I have tonss of chances of calling development in the organisation.Table 11FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree27272727.00Disagree21212148.00Neither Agree nor Disagree17171765.00Agree22222287.00Strongly Agree131313100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 11\r\n4.11 This above tabular array shows that 27 % employees strongly disagree that they have tonss of chances of calling development in the organisation. 21 % employees disagree, 17 % neither agree nor disagree, 22 % agree, & A ; 27 % strongly agree that that they have tonss of chances of calling development in the organisation.I am satisfied with calling development in the organisationTable 12FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree27272727.00Disagree26262653.00Neither Agree nor Disagree77760.00Agree23232383.00Strongly Agree171717100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 12\r\n4.12 This above tabular array shows that 26 % employees strongly disagree that they are satisfied with calling development in the organisation. 17 % employees disagree, 7 % employees neither agree nor disagree, 23 % em ployees agree, & A ; 27 % employees strongly agree that they are satisfied with calling development in the organisation.Rate your committedness with the organisationI am committed with my organisationTable 13FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree13131313.00Disagree10101023.00Neither Agree nor Disagree37373760.00Agree19191979.00Strongly Agree212121100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 13\r\n4.13 This above tabular array shows that 13 % employees strongly disagree that they are committed with their organisation. 10 % employees disagree, 37 % employees neither agree nor disagree, 19 % employees agree, & A ; 21 % employees are strongly agree that they are committed with their organisationI value my organisation more than my occupationTable 14FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree16161616.00Disagree20202036.00Neither Agree nor Disagree13131349.00Agree30303079.00Strongly Agree212121100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 14\r\n4.14 This above tabular array shows that 16 % employees strongly disagree that they value their organisation more than their occupation. 20 % employees disagree, 13 % employees neither agree nor disagree, 30 % employees agree, & A ; 21 % employees strongly agree that they value their organisation more than their occupation.I value organisation more than rewards nonrecreational by the organisationTable 15FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree10101010.00Disagree13131323.00Neither Agree nor Disagree35353558.00Agree25252583.00Strongly Agree171717100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 15\r\n4.15 This above tabular array shows that 10 % employees strongly disagree that they value the rewards stipendiary by the organisation. 13 % employees disagree, 35 % employees neither agree nor disagree, 25 % employees agree, & A ; 17 % employees agree that they value the rewards paid by the organisationAre you paid harmonizing to your attempts in the organisation?Table 16FrequencyPercent ageValid PercentageCumulative %More than your attempts42424242.00Equal to your attempts37373779.00Less than your attempts212121100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 16\r\n4.16 This above tabular array shows that 42 % employees are paid harmonizing to their attempts in the organisation. 37 % employees are paid equal to their attempts in the organisation, & A ; 21 % are paid less than their attempts in the organisationRate the rewards and benefits, condition you by the organisation.I am paid harmonizing to my public presentation.Table 17FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree20202020.00Disagree17171737.00Neither Agree nor Disagree77744.00Agree25252569.00Strongly Agree313131100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 17\r\n4.17 This above tabular array shows that 20 % employees strongly disagree that they are paid harmonizing to their public presentation. 17 % employees disagree, 7 % employees neither agree nor disagree, 25 % employees agree, & A ; 31 % employees strongl y agree that they are paid harmonizing to their public presentation.I value money more than my occupation.Table 18FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree29292929.00Disagree26262655.00Neither Agree nor Disagree66661.00Agree23232384.00Strongly Agree161616100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 18\r\n4.18 This above tabular array shows that 29 % employees strongly disagree that they value money more than their occupation. 26 % employees disagree, 65 neither agree nor disagree, 23 % agree, & A ; 16 % strongly agree that they value money more than their occupation.I am satisfied wit the benefits given by the organisationTable 19FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree17171717.00Disagree21212138.00Neither Agree nor Disagree99947.00Agree23232370.00Strongly Agree303030100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 19\r\n4.19 This tabular array shows that 17 % employees strongly disagree that they are satisfied with the benefits given by the organisation. 21 % em ployees disagree, 9 % employees neither agree nor disagree, 23 % employees agree, & A ; 30 % employees strongly agree that they are satisfied with the benefits given by the organisation.Rate preparation and development in your organisationI am satisfied with the preparation given in the organisationTable 20FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree25252525.00Disagree17171742.00Neither Agree nor Disagree00042.00Agree21212163.00Strongly Agree373737100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 20\r\n4.20 This above tabular array shows that 25 % employees strongly disagree that they are satisfied with preparation and development given in the organisation. 17 % employees disagree, 21 % employees agree, & A ; 37 % employees agree that they are satisfied with preparation and development given in the organisation.Training dramas of import function in my calling developmentTable 21FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Strongly Disagree23232323.00Disagree13131336.00N either Agree nor Disagree66642.00Agree23232365.00Strongly Agree353535100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 21\r\n4.21 The above tabular array shows that 23 % employees strongly disagree that preparation and development dramas of import function in their calling development. 13 % employees disagree, 6 % neither agree nor disagree, 23 % employees agree, & A ; 355 employees strongly agree that preparation and development dramas of import function in their calling development.If you deficiency to discontinue the occupation, which factor influences the most?Table 22FrequencyPercentageValid PercentageCumulative %Job satisfaction12121212.00Alternatives/Opportunities13131325.00Wages & A ; Benefits16161641.00Career Development26262667.00Organizational committedness10101077.00Training & A ; Development19191996.00Influence of coworkers444100.00Entire100100100Pie Chart 22\r\n4.22 This above tabular array shows that 34 % employees want to discontinue the occupation because of occupatio n dissatisfaction. 13 % employees want to discontinue the occupation because of alternatives/opportunities, 16 % employees want to discontinue the occupation because of low rewards & A ; benefits, 26 % employees want to discontinue the occupation because they are non satisfied with calling development, 10 % employees want to discontinue the occupation because they are non committed with organisation, 19 % employees want to discontinue the occupation because they are non satisfied with preparation & A ; development, & A ; 4 % employees want to discontinue the occupation because of influence of coworkers.Chapter NO 5Decision and RecommendationsDecision5.01 The research based on â€Å"factors of employee turnover” , the research is conducted on call centre industry, for this a sample of 100 questionnaires was developed and divided indiscriminately into the employees to cognize the factors of employee turnover. The respondents were from different age groups, differ ent section, and from different occupation places.\r\n5.02 The questionnaire was divided among the employees, in which 75 % employees were male and 25 % employees were female. Most of employees were the age of 20-34 about 74 % . These employees were from top direction, in-between direction, supervisory degree and others. Most of the employees were from supervisory degree or others i.e. 65 % .\r\n5.03 The employees were asked about the occupation satisfaction, calling development, preparation and development, organisational committedness, rewards & A ; benefits and influence of coworkers.\r\n5.04 Through this research it is concluded that the factor, which influences the most in employee turnover is career development. 26 % employees said that they want to discontinue the occupation because of calling development. 19 % employees quit the occupation because of fewer chances of preparation & A ; development. 16 % employees wanted to discontinue the occupation because of low r ewards & A ; benefits. 13 % wanted to discontinue the occupations because they have\r\n'

'Extra Tax on Fast Food Essay\r'

'Nowadays stack always argon overweight or obese. A big agreement of this is un sanitary pabulum like a larger Mac, Hamburger etc. Too much of both of those evoke cause serious health problems which a lot of nation of the world today flummox from. The real problem is why ar people making these choices? It’s simple, rheumy sustenance is cheaper than healthy nourishment in many cases. Is it a adept idea to introduce a profuse feed assess, or do unhealthy food conserve to remain cheap and free of tautological measure?\r\nTo start things off, I leave behind refer to this unhealthy food as â€Å" luxuriant food”. mavin problem with fast foods is that they are low in satiation value. That is, people don’t bleed to feel as full when they corrode them, which can lead to overeating. Another problem is that unhealthy food tends to replace other, to a greater extent nutritious foods. When people are snacking on chips and cookies, they are usually not lode up on fruits and vegetables. Already you can split this is quite a problem, further it can be reduced to some degree if we raise the taxes on fast food.\r\nIf the taxes are increased so people will be opted to buy healthier foods such(prenominal) as vegetables or other nutrient abounding foods without added sugar or sodium. They will no longer be more expensive than the cheap, unhealthy, fast food. This in essence, will reduce the amount of unhealthy food that people will ingest. Another period of time is that the extra tax on fast food will saves lives. Heart disease is the second most coarse cause of death. Many lives could easily be saved. As well as saving lives, reducing corpulency will also improve the quality of life.\r\nThe contention against a extra tax on fast food is that those on low incomes are more likely to stimulate unhealthy foods, therefore this tax will increase variation. However, if a tax on fast food saves lives, we should not avoid implementin g it exactly because it is the poor who will mostly benefit. If we are really concerned about the impact on equality, the revenue from a fat tax can be targeted to the benefit of the poor. A increase in inequality need not occur from a fast food tax. Who is the government to tell people what to eat?\r\nIf we want to eat salty and fatty foods then let us eat this. The whole point is people are still free to consume as much salty and fatty foods as they like. All in all it can be said that it is an unfair tax because fast food is bad for people who suffer obesity, shouldn’t imply that everyone who enjoys the quick, cheap service fast food offers. tidy sum who are in a hurry or people short on cash whitethorn find fast food an ideal service, but if it is taxed due to obesity, then it will also continue people who aren’t obese.\r\n'

'The Da Vinci Code Chapter 4-6\r'

'CHAPTER 4\r\nCaptain Bezu Fache carried himself a give care an angry ox, with his massive shoulders thr witness back and his bring up tucked surd into his chest. His relentless hair was polish back with oil, accentuating an arrow- akin widows peak that divided his jutting frontal b matchless and preceded him equal the prow of a fightship. As he advanced, his sulky eyeball analysemed to scorch the earth sooner him, radiating a fiery clarity that figure his reputation for unblinking severity in all matters.\r\nLangdon followed the professional put stamp write away out of the closet the re straight byned marble staircase into the sunken atrium beneath the folderol pyramid. As they desc final stageed, they passed amongst 2 armed Judicial Police guards with elevator car guns. The center was clear: nonhing goes in or turn up this night without the blessing of Captain Fache.\r\n give-up the ghost below ground level, Langdon fought a revolt trepidation. Fa ches front homosexual was boththing lonesome(prenominal) when welcoming, and the inditetad itself had an al nearly sepulchral ring at this hour. The staircase, resembling the aisle of a gloomy movie theater, was illuminated by subtle tread- take fireing implant in each step. Langdon could hear his accept footsteps reverberative off the glass ein truth(prenominal)wherehead. As he glanced up, he could incur the obt physical exercise illuminated wisps of mist from the fountains attenuation away out nerve the transp arnt roof.\r\nâ€Å"Do you clear?” Fache asked, nodding up(a) with his broad chin.\r\nLangdon sighed, too degenerate to p localize games. â€Å"Yes, your pyramid is magnificent.” Fache grunted. â€Å"A scar on the face of Paris.” Strike one.Langdon sensed his host was a hard man to please. He wondered if Fache had any liking that this pyramid, at President Mitterrands explicit demand, had been constructed of conscionable flat 666 panes of glass †a laughable request that had always been a hot topic among conspiracy buffs who claimed 666 was the number of Satan.\r\nLangdon obdurate non to bring it up.\r\nAs they dropped reversedther into the subterranean foyer, the yawning space slowly emerged from the shadows. Built 57 feet beneath ground level, the quintuplets tenderly constructed 70, 000-square-foot solicit transmit out like an endless grotto. Constructed in impassioned ocher marble to be compatible with the honey-colored muffin of the Louvre facade above, the subterranean hall was comm further vibrant with sunlight and tourists. Tonight, however, the lobby was barren and dark, heavy(a) the entire space a cold and crypt-like atmosphere.\r\nâ€Å"And the museums fixity security staff?” Langdon asked.\r\nâ€Å"En quarantaine,”Fache replied, sounding as if Langdon were doubting the integrity of Faches ag multitude. â€Å"plain, someone gained tack to educatehering tonigh t who should non abide. tout ensemble Louvre night wardens are in the Sully Wing existence questioned. My own agents save imbiben every positioning museum security for the evening.”\r\nLangdon nodded, pathetic quickly to keep pace with Fache.\r\nâ€Å"How wellspring did you hit the hay Jacques Sauniere?” the captain asked. â€Å"Actually, not at all. Wed neer met.” Fache looked impress. â€Å"Your first base realiseing was to be tonight?”\r\nâ€Å"Yes. Wed planned to meet at the Ameri capital deal University reception following my lecture, neertheless he never showed up.”\r\nFache scribbled some notes in a little book. As they walked, Langdon caught a glimpse of the Louvres lesser- eff pyramid †La Pyramide Inver put through †a huge inverted skylight that hung from the ceiling like a stalactite in an next section of the entresol. Fache guided Langdon up a little(a) set of stairs to the mouth of an arched tunnel, oer whic h a sign read: DENON. The Denon Wing was the just about storied of the Louvres three briny sections.\r\nâ€Å"Who requested tonights confrontation?” Fache asked suddenly. â€Å"You or he?”\r\nThe question seemed odd. â€Å"Mr. Sauniere did,” Langdon replied as they entered the tunnel. â€Å"His writing table contacted me a hardly a(prenominal) weeks ago via e- weapons. She said the curator had heard I would be lecturing in Paris this month and wanted to discuss something with me eon I was here.”\r\nâ€Å"Discuss what?”\r\nâ€Å"I dont k without delay. Art, I imagine. We trade similar interests.”\r\nFache looked skeptical. â€Å"You ache no approximation what your conflux was round?”\r\nLangdon did not. Hed been curious at the time save had not snarl comfortable demanding specifics. The venerated Jacques Sauniere had a illustrious penchant for privacy and granted very fewer show down in the mouths; Langdon was grateful simply for the opportunity to meet him.\r\nâ€Å"Mr. Langdon, can you at least guess what our murder dupe might have wanted to discuss with you on the night he was killed? It might be helpful.”\r\nThe peak of the question made Langdon uncomfortable. â€Å"I really cant imagine. I didnt ask. I matte honored to have been contacted at all. Im an admirer of Mr. Saunieres work. I use his texts often in my classes.”\r\nFache made note of that fact in his book.\r\nThe deuce workforce were now halfway up the Denon Wings entry tunnel, and Langdon could see the twin ascending escalators at the ut around end, both motionless.\r\nâ€Å"So you shared interests with him?” Fache asked.\r\nâ€Å"Yes. In fact, Ive p readyed out much of the conclusion year writing the drawing for a book that deals with Mr. Saunieres primary area of expertise. I was looking forward to picking his brain.”\r\nFache glanced up. â€Å"Pardon?”\r\nThe tongue apparently didnt transl ate. â€Å"I was looking forward to acquisition his thoughts on the topic.”\r\nâ€Å"I see. And what is the topic?”\r\nLangdon hesitated, uncertain exactly how to put it. â€Å"Es directially, the manuscript is about the iconography of goddess worship †the purpose of female person sanctity and the art and symbols associated with it.”\r\nFache ran a substantial tidy sum a loan-blend his hair. â€Å"And Sauniere was knowledgeable about this?” â€Å"Nobody more so.” â€Å"I see.”\r\nLangdon sensed Fache did not see at all. Jacques Sauniere was considered the premiere goddess iconographer on earth. Not only did Sauniere have a personal passion for relics relating to fertility, goddess cults, Wicca, and the reverend fair(prenominal), tho during his twenty dollar bill-year tenure as curator, Sauniere had helped the Louvre pile up the adultst collection of goddess art on earth †labrys axes from the priestesses oldest classic sh rine in Delphi, gold caducei wands, one Cs of Tjetankhs resembling smaller stand angels, sistrum rattles used in ancient Egypt to dispel venomous spirits, and an astonishing array of statues depicting Horus being nurse by the goddess Isis.\r\nâ€Å"Perhaps Jacques Sauniere knew of your manuscript?” Fache offered. â€Å"And he called the meeting to offer his help on your book.”\r\nLangdon agitate his head. â€Å"Actually, goose egg yet knows about my manuscript. Its motionlessness in picture form, and I havent shown it to anyone except my editor.”\r\nFache fell tongueless.\r\nLangdon did not score the reason he hadnt yet shown the manuscript to anyone else. The three- cytosine-page draftsmanship †tentatively titled Symbols of the Lost Sacred fair(prenominal) †proposed some very unconventional interpretations of established religious iconography which would certainly be contr everyplacesial.\r\nNow, as Langdon approached the stationary e scalators, he paused, realizing Fache was no longer beside him. Turning, Langdon by news program Fache standing some(prenominal)(prenominal) yards back at a operate elevator.\r\nâ€Å"Well take the elevator,” Fache said as the lift doors opened. â€Å"As Im certain(p) youre aware, the head is quite a distance on foot.”\r\nAlthough Langdon knew the elevator would expedite the long, two-story climb to the Denon Wing, he remained motionless.\r\nâ€Å"Is something incorrect?” Fache was holding the door, looking impa disembowelnt.\r\nLangdon exhaled, turning a relish glance back up the open-air escalator. Nothings persecute at all, he lied to himself, trudging back toward the elevator. As a boy, Langdon had fallen down an abandoned well shaft and more or less died treading water in the delimit space for hours in the lead being rescued. Since then, hed suffered a pursue phobia of enclosed spaces †elevators, subways, squash courts. The elevator is a pe rfectly safe machine, Langdon continually told himself, never believe it. Its a tiny metal box dangling in an enclosed shaft! Holding his breath, he stepped into the lift, feeling the known tingle of adrenaline as the doors slid shut. Two fibs.Ten seconds.\r\nâ€Å"You and Mr. Sauniere,” Fache said as the lift began to move,” you never spoke at all? neer corresponded? Never sent each early(a) anything in the mail?”\r\nAnother odd question. Langdon shook his head. â€Å"No. Never.” Fache cocked his head, as if making a reachtal note of that fact. dictum nothing, he stared dead ahead at the plate doors.\r\nAs they ascended, Langdon time-tested to focus on anything other than the four circumvents around him. In the reflection of the glassed elevator door, he aphorism the captains tie garnish †a silver crucifix with thirteen plant bits of black onyx. Langdon ready it vaguely surprising. The symbol was known as a crux gemmata †a cross b earing thirteen gems †a Christian ideogram for Christ and His twelve apostles. Somehow Langdon had not anticipate the captain of the French law of nature to broadcast his worship so openly. Then again, this was France; Christianity was not a organized godliness here so much as a birth unspoilt.\r\nâ€Å"Its a crux gemmata” Fache said suddenly.\r\nStartled, Langdon glanced up to note Faches eyeball on him in the reflection. The elevator jolted to a stop, and the doors opened. Langdon stepped quickly out into the hallway, eager for the wide-open space afforded by the famous senior high ceilings of the Louvre galleries. The homo into which he stepped, however, was nothing like he expected.\r\nSurprised, Langdon stop short.\r\nFache glanced over. â€Å"I gather, Mr. Langdon, you have never seen the Louvre after hours?”\r\nI guess not, Langdon thought, trying to add his bearings.\r\nUsually impeccably illuminated, the Louvre galleries were startlingly dark t onight. Instead of the customary flat-white light melting down from above, a muted red glow seemed to rise upward from the baseboards †intermittent patches of red light spilling out onto the tile floors.\r\nAs Langdon gazed down the murky corridor, he realized he should have anticipated this scene. most all major galleries employed red service lighting at night †strategically conductd, low-level, noninvasive lights that enabled staff members to navigate hallways and yet kept the paintings inrelative loathsomeness to slow the fading effects of overexposure to light. Tonight, the museum possessed an approximately oppressive quality. Long shadows encroached everywhere, and the usually soaring jump ceilings appeared as a low, black void.\r\nâ€Å"This way,” Fache said, turning crisply right and setting out finished a series of interconnected galleries.\r\nLangdon followed, his vision slowly adjusting to the dark. All around, large-format oils began to materia lize like photos developing before him in an rattling(a) darkroom… their eyes following as he moved by dint of the rooms. He could taste the familiar tang of museum air †an arid, deionized essence that carried a faint hint of carbon †the product of indus test, coal-filter dehumidifiers that ran around the time to counteract the corrosive carbon dioxide exhaled by visitors.\r\n attach high on the smothers, the visible security cameras sent a clear message to visitors: We see you.Do not touch anything.\r\nâ€Å"Any of them real?” Langdon asked, motioning to the cameras. Fache shook his head. â€Å"Of melody not.” Langdon was not surprised. Video surveillance in museums this coat was cost-prohibitive and ineffective. With acres of galleries to accompany over, the Louvre would require several hundred technicians simply to monitor the feeds. Most large museums now used” containment security.” Forget keeping thieves out.Keep them in.Contain ment was spark off after hours, and if an intruder removed a piece of artwork, compartmentalized exits would seal around that gallery, and the thief would key himself behind bars even before the police arrived.\r\nThe sound of voices echoed down the marble corridor up ahead. The intervention seemed to be coming from a large copious-set alcove that lay ahead on the right. A bright light spilled out into the hallway. â€Å"Office of the curator,” the captain said. As he and Fache drew nearer the alcove, Langdon peered down a short hallway, into Saunieres luxurious study †straightaway wood, Old Master paintings, and an long antique desk on which stood a two-foot-tall model of a knight in full armor. A handful of police agents bustled about the room, talking on phones and taking notes. One of them was place at Saunieres desk, typing into a laptop. Apparently, the curators private representation had commence DCPJs becomeshift command post for the evening.\r\n "Messieurs,” Fache called out, and the men turned. â€Å"Ne nous derangez pas sous aucun pretexte. Entendu?”\r\nEveryone inside(a) the office nodded their beneathstanding.\r\nLangdon had hung bounteous NE PAS DERANGER signs on hotel room doors to catch the loading of the captains orders. Fache and Langdon were not to be disturbed under any circumstances.\r\nLeaving the small congregation of agents behind, Fache led Langdon farther down the darkened hallway. Thirty yards ahead loomed the inlet to the Louvres most popular section †la geee Galerie †a seemingly endless corridor that housed the Louvres most valuable Italian masterpieces. Langdon had already discerned that this was where Saunieres body lay; the Grand verandahs famous parquet floor had been unmistakable in the Polaroid.\r\nAs they approached, Langdon saw the entrance was blocked by an enormous steel grate that looked like something used by chivalric castles to keep out marauding armies.\r\nâ €Å"Containment security,”Fache said, as they neared the grate.\r\nEven in the dark, the discontinue looked like it could have restrained a tank. Arriving outside, Langdon peered by dint of the bars into the pallidly lit caverns of the Grand head.\r\nâ€Å"After you, Mr. Langdon,” Fache said. Langdon turned. After me, where?Fache motioned toward the floor at the base of the grate.\r\nLangdon looked down. In the darkness, he hadnt noticed. The barricade was elevated about two feet, providing an ill at ease(p) clearance underneath.\r\nâ€Å"This area is still off limits to Louvre security,” Fache said. â€Å"My team from Police Technique etScientifique has just finished their investigation.” He motioned to the opening. â€Å"Please slide under.”\r\nLangdon stared at the narrow go space at his feet and then up at the massive iron grate. Hes kidding, right? The barricade looked like a guillotine waiting to crush intruders.\r\nFache grumbled s omething in French and checked his capture. Then he dropped to his knees and slithered his big frame underneath the grate. On the other side, he stood up and looked back through the bars at Langdon.\r\nLangdon sighed. Placing his palms flat on the polished parquet, he lay on his stomach and pulled himself forward. As he slid underneath, the nucha of his Harris tweed snagged on the bottom of the grate, and he gaga the back of his head on the iron.\r\nVery suave, Robert, he thought, fumbling and then finally force himself through. As he stood up, Langdon was beginning to suspect it was going to be a very long night.\r\nCHAPTER 5\r\nMurray pitchers mound Place †the new piece Dei World render and conference center †is located at 243 Lexington bridle-path in New York City. With a price chase of just over $47 million, the 133, 000- square-foot tower is dress in red brick and Indiana limestone. Designed by May & Pinska, the building contains over one hundred bedroo ms, six dining rooms, libraries, living rooms, meeting rooms, and offices. The second, eighth, and one-sixteenth floors contain chapels, ornamented with mill- work and marble. The seventeenth floor is simply residential. Men enter the building through the main doors on Lexington Avenue. Women enter through a side street and are ‘acoustically and visually separated from the men at all measure within the building.\r\n in the beginning this evening, within the sanctuary of his penthouse apartment, Bishop Manuel Aringarosa had packed a small travel bag and dressed in a traditional black cassock. Normally, he would have disguised a purple cincture around his waist, solely tonight he would be traveling among the public, and he preferred not to draw attention to his high office. only when those with a keen eye would notice his 14-karat gold bishops ring with purple amethyst, large diamonds, and hand-tooled mitre-crozier applique. Throwing the travel bag over his shoulder, he sa id a silent prayer and left his apartment, descending to the lobby where his driver was waiting to take him to the airport.\r\nNow, sitting alongside a commercial airliner bound for capital of Italy, Aringarosa gazed out the window at the dark Atlantic. The sun had already set, but Aringarosa knew his own star was on the rise. Tonight the battle get out be won, he thought, amazed that only months ago he had felt up causalityless against the hands that threatened to destroy his empire.\r\nAs president-general of constitution Dei, Bishop Aringarosa had played out the last decade of his life disperseding the message of â€Å"Gods tempt” †literally, make-up Dei.The congregation, founded in 1928 by the Spanish priest Josemaria Escriva, promoted a return to conservative Catholic values and encouraged its members to make sweeping sacrifices in their own lives in order to do the bend of God.\r\n opus Deis traditionalist philosophy initially had interpreted root in Spa in before Francos regime, but with the 1934 progeny of Josemaria Escrivas spiritual book The modality †999 points of meditation for doing Gods Work in ones own life †Escrivas message detonate across the world. Now, with over four million copies of The Way in circulation in forty-two languages, patch Dei was a global force. Its residence halls, teaching centers, and even universities could be found in almost every major metropolis on earth. Opus Dei was the fastest- evolution and most financially secure Catholic organization in the world. Unfortunately, Aringarosa had noticeed, in an age of religious cynicism, cults, and televangelists, Opus Deis escalating wealth and power was a magnet for suspicion.\r\nâ€Å"Many call Opus Dei a brainwashing cult,” reporters often challenged. â€Å"Others call you an reactionary Christian secret society. Which are you?”\r\nâ€Å"Opus Dei is neither,” the bishop would patiently reply. â€Å"We are a Catholic chu rch. We are a congregation of Catholics who have chosen as our antecedence to follow Catholic doctrine as stringently as we can in our own nonchalant lives.”\r\nâ€Å"Does Gods Work necessarily include vows of chastity, tithing, and atonement for sins through self-flagellation and the cilice?”\r\nâ€Å"You are describing only a small character of the Opus Dei population,” Aringarosa said. â€Å"There are many levels of involvement. Thousands of Opus Dei members are married, have families, and do Gods Work in their own communities. Others choose lives of asceticism within our monastic residence halls. These excerptions are personal, but everyone in Opus Dei shares the goal of break awaying the world by doing the Work of God. surely this is an admirable quest.”\r\nReason seldom worked, though. The media always gravitated toward scandal, and Opus Dei, like most large organizations, had within its social rank a few misguided souls who cast a shadow ov er the entire group.\r\n Two months ago, an Opus Dei group at a mid-western university had been caught drugging new recruits with mescaline in an effort to induce a euphoric state that neophytes would perceive as a religious experience. Another university student had used his prickly cilice belt more often than the recommended two hours a day and had given himself a near fatal infection. In Boston not long ago, a disillusioned preadolescent investment banker had signed over his entire life savings to Opus Dei before attempting suicide.\r\nMisguided sheep, Aringarosa thought, his heart going out to them.\r\nOf passage the ultimate embarrassment had been the widely publicized trial of FBI spy Robert Hanssen, who, in addition to being a prominent member of Opus Dei, had turned out to be a internal deviant, his trial find evidence that he had rigged hidden tv set cameras in his own bedroom so his friends could watch him having sex with his wife. â€Å"Hardly the erstwhile(preno minal)ime of a pricy Catholic,” the judge had noted.\r\nSadly, all of these events had helped spawn the new watch group known as the Opus Dei cognizance Network (ODAN). The groups popular website †www odan.org †relayed frightening stories from antecedent Opus Dei members who warned of the dangers of joining. The media was now referring to Opus Dei as” Gods mafia” and” the Cult of Christ.”\r\nWe fear what we do not understand, Aringarosa thought, question if these critics had any idea how many lives Opus Dei had enriched. The group enjoyed the full endorsement and blessing of the Vatican. Opus Dei is a personal prelature of the Pope himself.\r\nRecently, however, Opus Dei had found itself threatened by a force endlessly more unchewable than the media… an unexpected foe from which Aringarosa could not possibly hide. Five months ago, the kaleidoscope of power had been shake, and Aringarosa was still reeling from the blow.\r\nâ€Å" They know not the war they have begun,” Aringarosa whispered to himself, sodding(a) out the planes window at the darkness of the ocean below. For an instant, his eyes refocused, lingering on the reflection of his awkward face †dark and oblong, dominated by a flat, crooked nose that had been shattered by a fist in Spain when he was a young missionary. The physical flaw barely registered now. Aringarosas was a world of the soul, not of the flesh.\r\nAs the jet passed over the glide of Portugal, the cellular telephone phone in Aringarosas cassock began vibrating in silent ring mode. Despite airline regulations prohibiting the use of cell phones during flights, Aringarosa knew this was a call he could not miss. Only one man possessed this number, the man who had mail-clad Aringarosa the phone.\r\nExcited, the bishop answered quietly. â€Å"Yes?”\r\nâ€Å"Silas has located the keystone,” the caller said. â€Å"It is in Paris. Within the Church of Saint-Sulpi ce.” Bishop Aringarosa smiled. â€Å"Then we are close.” â€Å"We can obtain it directly. tho we need your influence.” â€Å"Of course. Tell me what to do.” When Aringarosa switched off the phone, his heart was pounding. He gazed once again into the void of night, feeling dwarfed by the events he had put into motion.\r\nFive hundred miles away, the albino named Silas stood over a small basin of water and dabbed the snag from his back, watching the patterns of red spinning in the water. crimson me with hyssop andI shall be clean, he prayed, quoting Psalms. Wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow.\r\nSilas was feeling an aroused anticipation that he had not felt since his previous life. It both surprised and electrified him. For the last decade, he had been following The Way, cleansing himself of sins… rebuild his life… erasing the violence in his past. Tonight, however, it had all come rushing back. The hatred he had fought so hard to bury had been summoned. He had been startled how quickly his past had resurfaced. And with it, of course, had come his skills. Rusty but serviceable.\r\nJesus message is one of peace…of nonviolence…of cognize.This was the message Silas had been taught from the beginning, and the message he held in his heart. And yet this was the message the enemies of Christ now threatened to destroy. Those who threaten God with force pass on be met with force.Immovable and steadfast.\r\nFor two millennia, Christian soldiers had defended their faith against those who tried to displace it. Tonight, Silas had been called to battle.\r\nDrying his wounds, he donned his ankle-length, hooded robe. It was homy, made of dark wool, accentuating the purity of his skin and hair. Tightening the rope-tie around his waist, he raised the hood over his head and allowed his red eyes to admire his reflection in the mirror. The wheels are in motion.\r\nCHAPTER 6\r\nHaving squeezed beneath the security gate, Robert Langdon now stood just inside the entrance to the Grand Gallery. He was consummate(a) into the mouth of a long, deep canyon. On either side of the gallery, stark walls rose thirty feet, evaporating into the darkness above. The reddish glow of the service lighting sifted upward, modelling an unnatural smolder across a astonishing collection of Da Vincis, Titians, and Caravaggios that hung suspended from ceiling cables. noneffervescent lifes, religious scenes, and landscapes accompanied portraits of nobility and politicians.\r\nAlthough the Grand Gallery housed the Louvres most famous Italian art, many visitors felt the wings most stunning offering was truly its famous parquet floor. Laid out in a dazzling geometric design of diagonal oak tree slats, the floor produced an ephemeral optical illusion †a multi- dimensional network that gave visitors the sense they were floating through the gallery on a surface that c mentioned with every step.\r\nAs Langdons gaze began to trace the inlay, his eyes stopped short on an unexpected object craft on the floor just a few yards to his left, surrounded by police tape. He spun toward Fache. â€Å"Is that… a Caravaggio on the floor?”\r\nFache nodded without even looking.\r\nThe painting, Langdon guessed, was worth upward of two million dollars, and yet it was lying on the floor like a discarded poster. â€Å"What the stick is it doing on the floor!”\r\nFache glowered, clearly unmoved. â€Å"This is a villainy scene, Mr. Langdon. We have touched nothing. That canvas was pulled from the wall by the curator. It was how he activated the security system.”\r\nLangdon looked back at the gate, trying to picture what had happened.\r\nâ€Å"The curator was attacked in his office, fled into the Grand Gallery, and activated the security gate by pulling that painting from the wall. The gate fell immediately, sealing off all access. This is the only door in or out of this gallery.” Lan gdon felt confused. â€Å"So the curator genuinely captured his attacker inside the Grand Gallery?” Fache shook his head. â€Å"The security gate separated Sauniere from his attacker. The killer waslocked out there in the hallway and shot Sauniere through this gate.” Fache pointed toward anorange tag hanging from one of the bars on the gate under which they had just passed. â€Å"The PT move found flashback residue from a gun. He pink-slipped through the bars. Sauniere died in here alone.”\r\nLangdon pictured the snatch up of Saunieres body. They said he did that to himself.Langdon looked out at the enormous corridor before them. â€Å"So where is his body?”\r\nFache straightened his cruciform tie clip and began to walk. â€Å"As you probably know, the Grand Gallery is quite long.”\r\nThe exact length, if Langdon recalled correctly, was around fifteen hundred feet, the length of three Washington Monuments laid end to end. Equally breathtaking w as the corridors width, which easily could have accommodated a pair of side-by-side passenger trains. The center of the hallway was specked by the occasional statue or colossal porcelain urn, which served as a tasteful divider and kept the flow of traffic moving down one wall and up the other.\r\nFache was silent now, striding briskly up the right side of the corridor with his gaze dead ahead. Langdon felt almost disrespectful to be racing past so many masterpieces without pausing for so much as a glance.\r\nNot that I could see anything in this lighting, he thought.\r\nThe muted crimson lighting unfortunately conjured memories of Langdons last experience in noninvasive lighting in the Vatican Secret Archives. This was tonights second unsettling parallel with his near-death in Rome. He flashed on Vittoria again. She had been absent from his dreams for months. Langdon could not believe Rome had been only a year ago; it felt like decades. Another life.His last correspondence from Vit toria had been in December †a postcard saying she was headed to the coffee tree Sea to continue her re look in vane physics… something about using satellites to track manta ray ray migrations. Langdon had never harbored delusions that a woman like Vittoria Vetra could have been happy living with him on a college campus, but their encounter in Rome had unguaranteed in him a longing he never imagined he could feel. His lifelong affinity for bachelorhood and the simple freedoms it allowed had been shaken somehow… replaced by an unexpected emptiness that seemed to have grown over the past year.\r\nThey continued travel briskly, yet Langdon still saw no corpse. â€Å"Jacques Sauniere went this far?”\r\nâ€Å"Mr. Sauniere suffered a lick wound to his stomach. He died very slowly. Perhaps over fifteen or twenty transactions. He was plain a man of great personal strength.”\r\nLangdon turned, appalled. â€Å"Security took fifteen minutes to get here?â₠¬Â\r\nâ€Å"Of course not. Louvre security responded immediately to the alarm and found the Grand Gallery sealed. by the gate, they could hear someone moving around at the far end of the corridor, but they could not see who it was. They shouted, but they got no answer. Assuming it could only be a criminal, they followed protocol and called in the Judicial Police. We took up positions within fifteen minutes. When we arrived, we raised the barricade bounteous to slip underneath, and I sent a xii armed agents inside. They swept the length of the gallery to recession the intruder.” â€Å"And?” â€Å"They found no one inside. Except…” He pointed farther down the hall. â€Å"Him.”\r\nLangdon lifted his gaze and followed Faches extended finger. At first he thought Fache was pointing to a large marble statue in the middle of the hallway. As they continued, though, Langdon began to see past the statue. Thirty yards down the hall, a single spotlight on a movable pole stand shone down on the floor, creating a stark island of white light in the dark crimson gallery. In the center of the light, like an biting louse under a microscope, the corpse of the curator lay naked on the parquet floor.\r\nâ€Å"You saw the photograph,” Fache said,” so this should be of no surprise.”\r\nLangdon felt a deep chill as they approached the body. Before him was one of the strangest orbit she had ever seen.\r\nThe pallid corpse of Jacques Sauniere lay on the parquet floor exactly as it appeared in the photograph. As Langdon stood over the body and squinted in the boisterous light, he reminded himself to his amazement that Sauniere had spent his last minutes of life arranging his own body in this strange fashion.\r\nSauniere looked remarkably fit for a man of his years… and all of his musculature was in plain view. He had stripped off every sheet of clothing, placed it neatly on the floor, and laid down on his back in the c enter of the wide corridor, perfectly aligned with the long axis of the room. His blazon and legs were sprawled outward in a wide spread eagle, like those of a child making a snow angel… or, perhaps more appropriately, like a man being drawn and quartered by some occult force.\r\nJust below Saunieres breastbone, a notey pip marked the spot where the bullet had pierced his flesh. The wound had bled surprisingly little, leaving only a small pool of blackened blood.\r\nSaunieres left index finger was likewise bloody, apparently having been swaybacked into the wound to create the most unsettling aspect of his own macabre deathbed; using his own blood as ink, and employing his own naked abdomen as a canvas, Sauniere had drawn a simple symbol on his flesh †phoebe bird straight lines that intersected to form a five-pointed star.\r\nThe pentagram.\r\nThe bloody star, centered on Saunieres navel, gave his corpse a distinctly ghoulish aura. The photo Langdon had seen was chi lling enough, but now, witnessing the scene in person, Langdon felt a intensify uneasiness.\r\nHe did this to himself.\r\nâ€Å"Mr. Langdon?” Faches dark eyes settled on him again.\r\nâ€Å"Its a pentangle,” Langdon offered, his voice feeling hollow in the huge space. â€Å"One of the oldest symbols on earth. Used over four thousand years before Christ.”\r\nâ€Å"And what does it destine?”\r\nLangdon always hesitated when he got this question. Telling someone what a symbol” think upt” was like telling them how a meter should make them feel †it was different for all community. A white Ku Klux Klan headpiece conjured images of hatred and racism in the United States, and yet the comparable costume carried a meaning of religious faith in Spain.\r\nâ€Å"Symbols carry different meanings in different settings,” Langdon said. â€Å"Primarily, the pentangle is a pleasure seeker religious symbol.”\r\nFache nodded. â€Å"Devil worship.” â€Å"No,” Langdon corrected, immediately realizing his choice of vocabulary should have been clearer. Nowadays, the term pagan had become almost synonymous with devil worship †a gross misconception. The words roots actually reached back to the Latin paganus, meaning country-dwellers. â€Å"Pagans” were literally unindoctrinated country-folk who clung to the old, cracker-barrel religions of temper worship. In fact, so strong was the Churchs fear of those who lived in the rural villes that the once innocuous word for” villager” †villain †came to mean a wicked soul.\r\nâ€Å"The pentagram,” Langdon clarified,” is a pre-Christian symbol that relates to Nature worship. The ancients envisioned their world in two halves †mannish and feminine. Their gods and goddesses worked to keep a balance of power. Yin and yang. When male and female were balanced, there was harmony in the world. When they were unbalanced, t here was chaos.” Langdon motioned to Saunieres stomach. â€Å"This pentangle is representative of the female half of all things †a concept religious historians call the ‘sacred feminine or the ‘divine goddess. ‘ Sauniere, of all people, would know this.”\r\nâ€Å"Sauniere drew a goddess symbol on his stomach?”\r\nLangdon had to admit, it seemed odd. â€Å"In its most specific interpretation, the pentacle symbolizes genus genus Venus †the goddess of female sexual love and beauty.”\r\nFache eyed the naked man, and grunted.\r\nâ€Å"Early religion was based on the divine order of Nature. The goddess Venus and the planet Venus were one and the same. The goddess had a place in the nighttime sky and was known by many names †Venus, the Eastern Star, Ishtar, Astarte †all of them powerful female concepts with ties to Nature and Mother Earth.”\r\nFache looked more turbulent now, as if he somehow preferred the idea of dev il worship.\r\nLangdon decided not to share the pentacles most astonishing property †the graphic origin of its ties to Venus. As a young astronomy student, Langdon had been stunned to learn the planet Venus traced a perfect pentacle across the ecliptic sky every four years. So astonished were the ancients to observe this phenomenon, that Venus and her pentacle became symbols of perfection, beauty, and the cyclic qualities of sexual love. As a tribute to the whoremonger of Venus, the Greeks used her four-year cycle to organize their Olympiads. Nowadays, few people realized that the four-year schedule of modern Olympic Games still followed the cycles of Venus. Even fewer people knew that the five-pointed star had almost become the official Olympic seal but was modified at the last moment †its five points exchanged for five intersecting rings to better reflect the games spirit of inclusion and harmony.\r\nâ€Å"Mr. Langdon,” Fache said abruptly. â€Å"Obviously, the pentacle must also relate to the devil. Your American inconsistency movies make that point clearly.”\r\nLangdon frowned. Thank you, Hollywood.The five-pointed star was now a virtual cliche in blamed serial killer movies, usually scrawled on the wall of some Satanists apartment along with other so-called demonic symbology. Langdon was always frustrated when he saw the symbol in this context; the pentacles true origins were actually quite godly.\r\nâ€Å"I assure you,” Langdon said,” despite what you see in the movies, the pentacles demonic interpretation is historically inaccurate. The maestro feminine meaning is correct, but the symbolism of the pentacle has been distorted over the millennia. In this case, through bloodshed.” â€Å"Im not sure I follow.” Langdon glanced at Faches crucifix, uncertain how to contrive his next point. â€Å"The Church, sir. Symbols are very resilient, but the pentacle was altered by the early Roman Catholic Church. As part of the Vaticans campaign to eradicate pagan religions and convert the masses to Christianity, the Church launched a smear campaign against the pagan gods and goddesses, recasting their divine symbols as evil.”\r\nâ€Å"Go on.”\r\nâ€Å"This is very common in times of turmoil,” Langdon continued. â€Å"A newly emerging power will take over the existing symbols and degrade them over time in an attempt to erase their meaning. In the battle between the pagan symbols and Christian symbols, the pagans illogical; Poseidons trident became the devils pitchfork, the wise crones pointed hat became the symbol of a witch, and Venuss pentacle became a sign of the devil.” Langdon paused. â€Å"Unfortunately, the United States military has also perverted the pentacle; its now our foremost symbol of war. We paint it on all our fighter jets and hang it on the shoulders of all our generals.” So much for the goddess of love and beauty.\r\nâ€Å"Interesting.à ¢â‚¬Â Fache nodded toward the spread-eagle corpse. â€Å"And the positioning of the body? What do you make of that?” Langdon shrugged. â€Å"The position simply reinforces the reference to the pentacle and sacred feminine.”\r\nFaches expression clouded. â€Å"I beg your pardon?”\r\nâ€Å"Replication. repetition a symbol is the simplest way to strengthen its meaning. Jacques Sauniere positioned himself in the shape of a five-pointed star.” If one pentacle is good, two is better.\r\nFaches eyes followed the five points of Saunieres arms, legs, and head as he again ran a hand across his tricky hair. â€Å"Interesting analysis.” He paused. â€Å"And the nudity?” He grumbled as he spoke the word, sounding repulsed by the cud of an aging male body. â€Å"Why did he remove his clothing?”\r\nDamned good question, Langdon thought. Hed been wondering the same thing ever since he first saw the Polaroid. His best guess was that a naked human form was yet another endorsement of Venus †the goddess of human sexuality. Although modern culture had erased much of Venuss standstill with the male/female physical union, a sharp etymological eye could still spot a vestige of Venuss original meaning in the word” venereal.” Langdon decided not to go there.\r\nâ€Å"Mr. Fache, I obviously cant tell you why Mr. Sauniere drew that symbol on himself or placed himself in this way, but I can tell you that a man like Jacques Sauniere would consider the pentacle a sign of the female deity. The correlation between this symbol and the sacred feminine is widely known by art historians and symbologists.”\r\nâ€Å"Fine. And the use of his own blood as ink?” â€Å"Obviously he had nothing else to write with.” Fache was silent a moment. â€Å"Actually, I believe he used blood such that the police would follow certain forensic procedures.”\r\nâ€Å"Im sorry?”\r\nâ€Å"Look at his left hand.â₠¬Â\r\nLangdons eyes traced the length of the curators pale arm to his left hand but saw nothing. Uncertain, he circled the corpse and crouched down, now noting with surprise that the curator was clutching a large, felt-tipped marker.\r\nâ€Å"Sauniere was holding it when we found him,” Fache said, leaving Langdon and moving several yards to a takeout table covered with investigation tools, cables, and assorted electronic gear. â€Å"As I told you,” he said, rummaging around the table,” we have touched nothing. Are you familiar with this kind of pen?”\r\nLangdon knelt down farther to see the pens label. STYLO DE LUMIERE NOIRE. He glanced up in surprise.\r\nThe black-light pen or watermark mode was a specialized felt-tipped marker originally designed by museums, restorers, and forgery police to place invisible marks on items. The stylus wrote in a noncorrosive, alcohol-based fluorescent ink that was visible only under black light. Nowadays, museum maintena nce staffs carried these markers on their daily rounds to place invisible” tick marks” on the frames of paintings that ask restoration.\r\nAs Langdon stood up, Fache walked over to the spotlight and turned it off. The gallery plunged into sudden darkness.\r\nMomentarily blinded, Langdon felt a rising uncertainty. Faches silhouette appeared, illuminated in bright purple. He approached carrying a portable light source, which shrouded him in a violet haze.\r\nâ€Å"As you may know,” Fache said, his eyes luminescing in the violet glow,” police use black-light illumination to search crime scenes for blood and other forensic evidence. So you can imagine our surprise…” Abruptly, he pointed the light down at the corpse.\r\nLangdon looked down and jumped back in shock.\r\nHis heart pounded as he took in the bizarre sight now glowing before him on the parquet floor. Scrawled in luminescent handwriting, the curators final lyric poem glowed purple beside h is corpse. As Langdon stared at the shimmering text, he felt the fog that had surrounded this entire night growing thicker.\r\nLangdon read the message again and looked up at Fache. â€Å"What the hell does this mean!” Faches eyes shone white. â€Å"That, monsieur, is precisely the question you are here to answer.”\r\nNot far away, inside Saunieres office, Lieutenant Collet had returned to the Louvre and was huddled over an phone console set up on the curators enormous desk. With the exception of the eerie, robot-like doll of a medieval knight that seemed to be staring at him from the break of Saunieres desk, Collet was comfortable. He adjusted his AKG headphones and checked the introduce levels on the hard-disk recording system. All systems were go. The microphones were functioning flawlessly, and the audio feed was crystal clear.\r\nLe moment de verite, he mused.\r\nSmiling, he closed his eyes and settled in to enjoy the rest of the conversation now being taped in side the Grand Gallery.\r\n'